{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:40:54Z","timestamp":1792500054043,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":292,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression is a common comorbidity in cirrhosis, yet its burden and determinants are poorly characterized in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors associated with depression among adult patients with cirrhosis at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a hospital\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study, 134 adult patients with cirrhosis were consecutively recruited from a hepatology clinic in Addis Ababa. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the patient health questionnaire\u20109 (PHQ\u20109), with a score \u226510 indicating clinically significant depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic and clinical data, including cirrhosis etiology, disease stage, MELD score, and social support (3\u2010item Oslo social support scale [OSS\u20103]), were collected via interview and chart review. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve of 134 participants (9.0%; 95% CI: 5.3%\u201315.1%) had clinically significant depressive symptoms based on a PHQ\u20109 score\u2009\u226510. In adjusted analyses, longer illness duration (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]\u2009=\u20091.48, 95% CI: 1.12\u20131.96), decompensated cirrhosis was associated with approximately nine\u2010fold higher odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms compared with compensated cirrhosis, and a higher MELD score (AOR\u2009=\u20091.58, 95% CI: 1.21\u20132.06) were significantly associated with increased odds of depression. The absence of comorbid chronic illness was also independently associated with lower depression odds (AOR\u2009=\u20090.14, 95% CI: 0.03\u20130.72,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.018). Conversely, moderate (AOR\u2009=\u20090.18, 95% CI: 0.04\u20130.79) and strong (AOR\u2009=\u20090.04, 95% CI: 0.01\u20130.64) social support were associated with lower odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms, although the cross\u2010sectional design precludes conclusions about causality and reverse causation (i.e., depressed individuals may underreport social support) cannot be excluded.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinically significant depressive symptoms were identified in 9.0% of adults with cirrhosis. More advanced liver disease and poorer social support were associated with depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the critical need for integrated mental health screening and psychosocial interventions within routine cirrhosis care in resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/6847420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:38:40Z","timestamp":1792496320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Magnitude and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Adult Patients With Cirrhosis: An Experience From a Resource\u2010Limited Setting"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Gashahun Mekonnen","family":"Dissassa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Jimma University  Jimma City Oromia Ethiopia  ju.edu.et"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geda Lelisa","family":"Kube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology SPHMMC  Addis Ababa City Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6195-1251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henok","family":"Fisseha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology SPHMMC  Addis Ababa City Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyoel Berhan","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPHMMC School of Public Health  Addis Ababa City Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2616-9928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirbe Jebesa","family":"Dinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Veterans Memorial Health Center  Addis Ababa City Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8401-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amare Hailu","family":"Ashine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jimma University  Jimma City Oromia Ethiopia  ju.edu.et"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5943-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamirat Godebo","family":"Woyimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jimma University  Jimma City Oromia Ethiopia  ju.edu.et"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60121-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8740157"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","volume-title":"Depressive Disorder (Depression) [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00134","article-title":"Depression and Chronic Liver Diseases: Are There Shared Underlying Mechanisms?","volume":"10","author":"Huang X.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","article-title":"Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Egyptian Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases","volume":"4","author":"Mahmoud S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egyptian Family Medicine Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(20)31298-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Schiff\u2019s Diseases of the Liver","author":"Moon A. M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00759-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2021.100434"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2026.1740227"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00310-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","first-page":"120","article-title":"The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Depression","volume":"9","author":"B\u0103descu S. V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Medicine and Life"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05748-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22172"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-018-0249-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0051-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_2","first-page":"709","article-title":"The Importance of Social Support in the Associations Between Psychological Distress and Somatic Health Problems","volume":"47","author":"B\u00f8en H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S385630"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1081968"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56070319"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4066\/biomedicalresearch.29-17-3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58837\/CHULA.CMJ.66.2.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_2","article-title":"Depression is Associated With Weight Gain in Patients Transplanted for NASH Cirrhosis but Not Other Etiologies of Cirrhosis","volume":"158","author":"Roman J. A. H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002301"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.14.080188.001453"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.21.1.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-045078-0.00017-4","volume-title":"Risk Factors in Depression","author":"Lakey B.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1526"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Perspectives on Depression and Its Treatment in Ethiopian Primary Care: A Qualitative Study","volume":"5","author":"Teferra S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_2","first-page":"130","article-title":"Recognition of Depression in Primary Care in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"14","author":"Fekadu A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/da\/6847420","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/da\/6847420","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/da\/6847420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:38:44Z","timestamp":1792496324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/da\/6847420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/da\/6847420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/da\/6847420","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-4269","1520-6394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-4269","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6847420"}}