{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T12:31:07Z","timestamp":1786710667616,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":225,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence suggests that people with glaucoma may experience more depressive symptoms than those without glaucoma, but prior estimates have been limited by heterogeneous ascertainment and insufficient separation of comparative, prevalence, and longitudinal evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SinoMed, Wanfang, VIP, CNKI, ChiCTR, and ClinicalTrials.gov to March 27, 2026. Eligible studies reported depression outcomes among individuals with glaucoma; studies included in the primary comparative analysis additionally required a non\u2010glaucoma comparison group. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort\/case\u2010control studies and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools for cross\u2010sectional studies. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses used restricted maximum likelihood (REML) as the primary estimator; DerSimonian\u2010Laird models were sensitivity analyses. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework adapted for observational evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010nine studies were included qualitatively. Sixteen studies including 14,030 glaucoma participants and 4,472,723 controls contributed to the primary odds ratio meta\u2010analysis. Glaucoma was associated with higher odds of depression (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.66\u20134.74;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200995.95%; approximate prediction interval 0.32\u201324.47). Results remained significant across sensitivity analyses excluding self\u2010reported glaucoma studies, unclear glaucoma ascertainment, and a very large database study. Thirty\u2010eight studies including 21,705 patients with glaucoma contributed to the single\u2010group prevalence meta\u2010analysis; pooled depression prevalence was 26.03% (95% CI, 21.10%\u201331.64%; prediction interval 5.98%\u201366.04%). Longitudinal evidence was limited and heterogeneous; one UK Biobank cohort suggested a longitudinal association with incident hospitalized depression among participants with glaucoma (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.01\u20132.34). GRADE certainty was very low for the comparative, prevalence, and longitudinal evidence domains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Very low\u2010certainty observational evidence suggests that depression or depressive symptoms are more common among individuals with glaucoma; however, whether glaucoma precedes, contributes to, or results from depressive symptoms remains uncertain. The observed association may reflect complex bidirectional relationships between glaucoma\u2010related visual burden and depressive symptoms. Ophthalmic care should incorporate pragmatic depression awareness and referral pathways, while future longitudinal studies should use standardized glaucoma and depression ascertainment with adequate adjustment for visual, clinical, and socioeconomic confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/7344513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:33:45Z","timestamp":1786707225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Depression and Depressive Symptoms in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Comparative, Prevalence, and Longitudinal Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0097-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1134-0324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenxuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxiong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7629-0193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31469-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.21899"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30425-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318163bdd1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004632"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31816299d4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","first-page":"1983","article-title":"The Association of Glaucoma With Depression in the United States Using the Elderly US California Medicare Data Population","volume":"60","author":"Sampaio V. 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