{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:20:15Z","timestamp":1787732415696,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":237,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017414","name":"Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23SRC025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23SRC025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rapid development of Internet technology and the swift digitization of public services may expose middle\u2010aged and older adults to challenges of pressured Internet use. This study aimed to compare the relationships between pressured and voluntary Internet use and mental health among Chinese middle\u2010aged and older adults, and to explore the mediating role of subjective age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on data from the China Digital Divide and Digital Inclusion Survey (CDDDIS) involving 5231 individuals aged \u226550 years, confirmatory latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to identify pressured and voluntary Internet use patterns. Structural equation modeling, adjusting for covariates, was utilized to examine their differential associations with depressive symptoms and the mediating effects of subjective age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among middle\u2010aged and older Internet users, 27% engaged in pressured Internet use. Voluntary Internet use demonstrated significant direct and indirect effects on reducing depressive symptoms via lowering subjective age. Pressured Internet use showed no discernible effect on depressive symptoms compared to nonuse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Voluntary Internet engagement enhances mental health among middle\u2010aged and older adults by mitigating stereotyped self\u2010perceptions of aging, whereas unwilling technology interactions fail to yield psychological benefits. Supporting self\u2010driven digital participation is crucial in addressing well\u2010being disparities in the context of proliferating Internet services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/9334404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:40:46Z","timestamp":1787730046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Internet Use, Subjective Age, and Mental Health Among Middle\u2010Aged and Older Adults in China: Pressured Versus Voluntary Internet Use"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7471-604X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6156-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2970-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangzhao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1469-909X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rize","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union Measuring digital development: Facts and Figures 2024 2025 Accessed: Aug. 24 2025https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITU-D\/Statistics\/Pages\/facts\/default.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","unstructured":"China Internet Network Information Center China Statistical Report on Internet Development 2025 https:\/\/www.cnnic.net.cn. Accessed: Oct. 01 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464820959168"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gny037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305120947657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gny036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819869604"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809343560"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","first-page":"40","volume-title":"The Language of Social Research","author":"Barton A. H.","year":"1955"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2014.889189"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","volume-title":"Mathematics Success and Failure Among African-American Youth: The Roles of Sociohistorical Context, Community Forces, School Influence, and Individual Agency","author":"Martin D. B.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116988"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","unstructured":"HelsperE. J. van DeursenA. J. A. M. andEynonR. \u201cTangible Outcomes of Internet use: From Digital Skills to Tangible Outcomes Project Report 2015 Oxford University Press Accessed: July 27 2023. [Online]. Available:https:\/\/research.utwente.nl\/en\/publications\/tangible-outcomes-of-internet-use-from-digital-skills-to-tangible."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Communication and Information Technologies Annual","author":"van D. A. J. A. M.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/64581"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102767"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.999498"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/65399"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/40172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051221077675"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444815621539"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15506878jobem4803_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.00117315.2004.02524.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","unstructured":"DeetjenU. \u201cInternet use and Health: A Mixed Methods Analysis Using Spatial Microsimulation and Interviews 2016 University of Oxford Accessed: Jan. 24 2024. [Online]. Available:http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/dcmitype\/Text-https:\/\/ora.ox.ac.uk\/objects\/uuid:92b1d35c-1aed-435d-8daa-18b1cd9ccaa1."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089443930101900401"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439884.2014.1002845"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1108\/S2050-206020150000010005","volume-title":"Communication and Information Technologies Annual","author":"Huang K.-T.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249688"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815355","volume-title":"Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation","author":"Lave J.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444807080335"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464815595509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000438671"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnz153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023877"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2014.915925"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/60.3.S129"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.202424"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024819"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.2005.00411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbad070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Ageism and Technology","volume":"29","author":"Cutler S. J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2021.100971"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428117747689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648231151283"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2011.532732"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77650-7_5","volume-title":"Handbook of Quantitative Criminology","author":"Petras H.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2004.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbr021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbab151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558405274876"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2306"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit","volume":"6","author":"Hooper D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_2","volume-title":"Mplus User\u2019s Guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n L. K.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_2","volume-title":"Release","author":"StataCorp","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1332\/175982713X664047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860802607306"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241350"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1479834"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.905043"}],"container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/da\/9334404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/da\/9334404","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/da\/9334404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:40:49Z","timestamp":1787730049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/da\/9334404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/da\/9334404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/da\/9334404","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-4269","1520-6394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-4269","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9334404"}}