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Specifically, we aimed at understanding the role of disorder category, clinical status, family risk, and the transdiagnostic symptom dimensions of anxious apprehension and anxious arousal. To this end, we measured event\u2010related potentials (ERPs) of performance monitoring (i.e., error\u2010related negativity, ERN, and correct\u2010response negativity, CRN) in a large sample of 156 participants, including groups of patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia, as well as a naturalistic control group. Contrary to our initial expectations, we did not observe significant differences in ERPs among the clinical groups, nor in comparison to the naturalistic control group. However, after creating a more strictly defined healthy control group, we found larger ERN amplitudes in the specific phobia compared with the healthy control group. In addition, when comparing participants with and without a lifetime clinical diagnosis of any internalizing disorder, regardless of their main diagnosis, as well as when comparing those with or without a family risk for internalizing psychopathology, we observed larger amplitudes for both ERN and CRN. Subsequently, we combined data from this study and a previously published subclinical study to examine the role of transdiagnostic symptom dimensions (i.e., anxious apprehension and anxious arousal) across a wider severity spectrum. In this joint sample of 246 participants, gender emerged as a moderator of the link between anxious apprehension and enhanced performance monitoring. Specifically, women with increasing anxious apprehension exhibited elevated ERN and CRN amplitudes. In conclusion, our study challenges the notion of a disorder\u2010specific link to performance monitoring. Instead, our findings suggest that enhanced performance monitoring is associated with a higher propensity for anxious apprehension and acts as a broad risk marker for internalizing psychopathology, reflecting vulnerability beyond diagnostic borders within the anxiety\u2010 and obsessive\u2013compulsive spectrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/9505414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T02:22:06Z","timestamp":1744597326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Enhanced Performance Monitoring as a Transdiagnostic Risk Marker of the Anxiety and Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Spectrum: The Role of Disorder Category, Clinical Status, Family Risk, and Anxiety 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