{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:56:27Z","timestamp":1791280587972,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013365","name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022HXFH029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022HXFH029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) are highly prevalent and disabling psychiatric conditions with increasing incidence, significantly affecting individuals\u2019 daily functioning, social relationships, and overall quality of life. Current diagnostic practices largely rely on clinical interviews and symptom\u2010based rating scales, which are inherently subjective and time\u2010consuming\u2014posing major obstacles to large\u2010scale screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To address this, we propose a novel multiscale spatiotemporal network fusion (MSNF) feature extraction method based on functional near\u2013infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with the verbal fluency test (VFT). This method is designed to enable objective, efficient, and automated differentiation among multiple psychiatric disorders (MDD, BD, and SCZ), as well as between patient groups and healthy controls (HCs). Leveraging the practical advantages of fNIRS, including its portability, motion tolerance, and balanced spatiotemporal resolution, the proposed MSNF fuses temporal dynamics with graph\u2010theoretical topology, capturing both local hemodynamic dynamics and hierarchy connectivity patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, a total of 414 participants were recruited, including individuals diagnosed with MDD, BD, SCZ, and HCs. Classification experiments using machine learning (ML) models demonstrate the proposed method\u2019s robustness and superior diagnostic performance in binary and multiclass settings, outperforming traditional unidimensional feature approaches. Additionally, group\u2010level functional connectivity (FC) analyses reveal distinct neurobiological signatures among psychiatric groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the translational potential of MSNF\u2010enhanced fNIRS as a scalable neuroimaging\u2013based biomarker tool for early psychiatric screening and differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/9921579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:45:56Z","timestamp":1791279956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross\u2010Disease Classification of Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia Using Multiscale Spatiotemporal Network Fusion Features From fNIRS"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9688-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajing","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 China  wchscu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 China  wchscu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 China  wchscu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2991-2264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 China  wchscu.cn"},{"name":"College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu 610065 China  scu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu 610065 China  scu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu 610065 China  scu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu 610065 China  scu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1906-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changjian","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 China  wchscu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61238-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived With Disability for 328 Diseases and Injuries for 195 Countries, 1990\u20132016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","author":"GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphs.12027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","article-title":"Depression","volume":"392","author":"Malhi G. 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