{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:04:58Z","timestamp":1788383098433,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":334,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007570","name":"Claussen-Simon-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007570","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012680","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Individuals with a history of childhood neglect may be vulnerable to develop depression, as they may more often use avoidant strategies to cope with the stressors. This study examined (1) whether a history of childhood neglect was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and (2) whether avoidant coping behaviors mediated this association.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In total, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092245 German adults (mean age\u2009=\u200941.1 years, age range\u2009=\u200918\u201382 years, 70.2% female) were recruited from the general population between June and September 2020 during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Childhood neglect (Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire [ACE]), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ\u20109]), and three avoidant coping behaviors (substance use, behavioral disengagement, and self\u2010blame; Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced [COPE]) were assessed. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we examined the direct pathway from childhood neglect to depressive symptoms in a simultaneous parallel multiple mediation model and the possible mediating paths of avoidant coping behaviors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Childhood neglect was positively and significantly associated with depressive symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.24, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) while controlling for the presence of childhood abuse. The three avoidant coping behaviors significantly mediated this association (substance use: bias\u2010corrected 95% confidence intervals [BC 95% CI], 0.02, 0.05; behavioral disengagement: BC 95% CI, 0.04, 0.12; and self\u2010blame: BC 95% CI, 0.16, 0.19). Post hoc contrasts between the mediators showed that self\u2010blame had a significantly stronger indirect effect than substance use (BC 95% CI, \u22120.12, \u22120.01).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> This study provides evidence that avoidant coping behaviors mediate the association between childhood neglect and depressive symptoms in adults. Avoidance coping behaviors may be a promising target for psychological interventions to reduce depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/9959689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T12:48:57Z","timestamp":1732970937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations Between Childhood Neglect and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Effect of Avoidant Coping"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8293-416X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Eggert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8054-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Kenntemich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0916-4485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonie","family":"von H\u00fclsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0313-5843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Gallinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9711-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingo","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2834-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annett","family":"Lotzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-017-0185-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6044-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104361"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0549-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559505275014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20130326-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","volume-title":"Schema Therapy: A Practitioner\u2019s Guide","author":"Young J. E.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2533"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2630"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-020-10092-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429356353","volume-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect","author":"McCoy M. L.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105673"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559518778805"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2019.1638699"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Gonzalez D.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716220969642"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417001882"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-020-00143-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104082"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20092"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104323"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/bumc.2020.84.2.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.681176"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00341-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.180752"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1270-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","volume-title":"Stress, Appraisal, and Coping","author":"Lazarus R. S.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.41.7.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20042974"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104446"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2019.1666248"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9364-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2007.00384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2534"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-020-00307-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001259"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3196"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_2","first-page":"348","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health","author":"Stroud C. B.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105674"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001210"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1780832"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110829"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1476"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02885-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2005.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_2","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Diagnostische Verfahren in der Sexualwissenschaft","author":"Sch\u00e4fer I.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1263161"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_2","first-page":"507","article-title":"Multidimensional Assessment of Coping: Validation of the Brief COPE among French Population","volume":"29","author":"Muller L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"L\u2019Encephale"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23080"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-023-02118-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651257"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_2","volume-title":"Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research","author":"Brown T. A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42844-021-00030-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104663"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_2","volume-title":"The APSAC Handbook on Child Maltreatment","author":"Briere J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000202"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2019.1678543"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105641"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2020.1783733"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-013-0519-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6654503"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04001-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000102"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2156869314564399"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_2","first-page":"40","article-title":"Faking It: Social Desirability Response Bias in Self-Report Research","volume":"25","author":"van de Mortel T. F.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1295495"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00321-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000338632"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.08.001"}],"container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/da\/9959689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T12:49:03Z","timestamp":1732970943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/da\/9959689"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Carona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/da\/9959689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/da\/9959689","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-4269","1520-6394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-4269","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9959689"}}