{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:46:30Z","timestamp":1772981190061,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Acrocyanosis is a functional peripheral vascular disorder, currently categorized under the canopy of acrosyndromes, i.e., a group of clinically similar and significantly overlapping vascular disorders involving the acral skin. The disorder might be primary or secondary, depending on the cause. Recently, there has been a remarkable surge in acrocyanosis prevalence along with the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Both COVID\u201019 infection and vaccines for COVID\u201019 have been affixed to the list of disorders instigating acrocyanosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The goal of this narrative review was to evaluate the existing literature, project acrocyanosis from the viewpoint of dermatologists in the face of the COVID\u201019 pandemic, and assess the need for targeted research, education, and\/or clinical practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    An English literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google. All abstracts on acrocyanosis, irrespective of the article type and publication date, were retrieved and reviewed and those most relevant for the focus of this article were selected and summarized.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Discussion\/Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A narrative review was carried out. There is paucity of randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled studies on acrocyanosis in the English literature, implicating the need for targeted research. Pertinent information still relies on anecdotal observations, case reports, case series, or scarce reviews, which are dated rather old and published in vascular\u2010oriented journals. The scarcity of published literature on acrocyanosis in dermatology\u2010oriented journals points to the necessity of professional education and improvement of clinical diagnostic skills for dermatologists.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Although acrocyanosis is the least known and the least studied acrosyndrome, it is increasingly more commonly confronted in the COVID\u201019 era. The diagnosis still largely relies on clinical findings. Accordingly, it has become a growing necessity for a dermatologist to remain updated on this peculiar disorder and be able to differentiate acrocyanosis from clinically similar cold\u2010induced or cold\u2010exacerbated acrosyndromes. Acrocyanosis is still misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, underreported, and undertreated by the dermatology community.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/drp\/2904301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T12:18:54Z","timestamp":1737029934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acrocyanosis: The Least Known Acrosyndrome Revisited With a Dermatologic Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8290-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Demircio\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0661-9720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emel","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk Durmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.119946"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/vasc.2010.cr0240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.main.2014.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2017.58.424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.131139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x11398519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-024-00413-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.07.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jvc2.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.60362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-202845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x20983455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.103266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319231181879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ccid.s432422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-2870.202108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.849914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)01461-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2018.3260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.15470"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_567_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","first-page":"OD12","article-title":"Severe Acute Acrocyanosis and Digital Gangrene as a Sign of Catastrophic COVID-19 Infection","volume":"15","author":"Agarwal A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Acrocyanosis after Neoadjuvant Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab: A Case Report","volume":"38","author":"Reijers I. 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