{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T05:21:33Z","timestamp":1787548893064,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":234,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008402","name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XJ2023009701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2023009701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008402","name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024SZY003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SZY003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008402","name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JGJD202435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JGJD202435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genetics Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ANCA\u2010associated vasculitis (AAV) includes microscopic polyarteritis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Studies have revealed that infection\u2010related immune responses could trigger vasculitis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between infection\u2010related immune responses and AAV in Finns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) methods and bioinformatics to examine how infection\u2010related immune responses affect AAV, also investigating the mediation effects of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and aging phenotypes. Bioinformatics data were from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Serum\u2010specific antibodies were from the U.K. Biobank. AAV subtypes were from FinnGen. Single\u2010cell sequencing data of immune cells were from the OneK1K database. NETs and aging phenotypes were from the genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study found a preliminary negative correlation between anti\u2010IgG of HSV1 and the risk of MPA (OR: 0.499, 95% CI: 0.361\u20130.692,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.05E\u201005). The SCeQTL analysis revealed that several genes in immune cells were linked to anti\u2010IgG of HSV1 and MPA, while mediation analysis highlighted DNA methylation Hannum age acceleration (DNAmAA) as a key mediator between gene expression and MPA. HLA\u2010C expression in CD8nc T cells (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22122.921,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003, mediation effect\u2009=\u200982.2%) and MDC1 in dendritic cells (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22123.310,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001, mediation effect\u2009=\u200981.5%) lowered the risk of MPA by downregulating DNAmAA. Conversely, MICA expression in NKR NK cells (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.702,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, mediation effect\u2009=\u200972.1%) was associated with an increased risk of MPA by upregulating DNAmAA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated potential correlations between infection\u2010related immune responses and MPA. The SCeQTL analysis revealed that HLA\u2010C expression in CD8nc T cells, MDC1 in dendritic cells, and MICA expression in NKR cells were related to the risk of MPA. Furthermore, mediation analysis indicated that DNAmAA exerted a strong mediation effect on the relationship between gene expression and MPA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/genr\/3406375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T05:09:02Z","timestamp":1787548142000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Infection\u2010Related Immune Responses on ANCA\u2010Associated Vasculitis in Finns: A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3522-4544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naidan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3730-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caixia","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6659-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1223-7489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071446"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/17-121"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105320"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","first-page":"825","article-title":"Chronic Crusting, Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Relapse Rate in Pulmonary Wegener\u2019s Granulomatosis","volume":"59","author":"Zycinska K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1213285"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00048-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108735"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa450"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz749"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1261151"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa089","article-title":"An Update on the Epidemiology of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis","volume":"59","author":"Mohammad A. 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