{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:49:01Z","timestamp":1787017741528,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":137,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most health\u2010related conditions depend on blood transfusions for their care. However, transfusion\u2010related infections (transfusion\u2010transmitted infections [TTIs]) remain one of the most important concerns in the area of health care across settings of resource\u2010poor regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to determine the status of TTI and some of the risks related to donated blood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study involved 347 participants who donated blood voluntarily to participate in a cross\u2010sectional research study. Blood samples were tested for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. Structured questionnaire was used to gather demographic information and health history data. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics while using Fisher\u2019s exact test to evaluate exploratory associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of TTIs was low with hepatitis B occurring in 1.85% of blood donations and malaria in 2.78% of blood donations. The testing process identified no instances of HIV, syphilis, or hepatitis C. The study could only analyze associations between variables because there were so few positive cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of TTIs among blood donors was low. More extensive multicenter research is necessary to determine risk factors and enhance blood safety protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ghe3\/6646626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:10:21Z","timestamp":1779167421000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors of Transfusion\u2010Transmitted Infections Among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6176-8935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collince Odiwuor","family":"Ogolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Guyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apollo O.","family":"Maima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benson","family":"Amayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OgollaC. O. GuyaB. andMaimaA. O. Effectiveness of Blood Transfusion Screening Procedures in Preventing Transfusion-Related Infections 2025 https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-5723162\/latest.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5723162\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","volume-title":"Guidance on Ensuring a Sufficient Supply of Safe Blood and Blood Components During Emergencies","author":"Organization W. H.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14955"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ghe3\/8585241"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","first-page":"128","article-title":"Transfusion Transmissible Infections Among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Hospital, Southeast Nigeria: Any Change Over Time?","volume":"11","author":"Ajuba I. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2020.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70769"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/rjmhs.v6i2.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","unstructured":"AkothA. J. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection Among Blood Donors in Kenyan Coastal Region 2021 PhD thesis."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ah\/6934791"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","volume-title":"Prevalence, Knowledge and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections Among Voluntary Blood Donors in Nairobi City County","author":"Kwarula M. G.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","unstructured":"NyairoE. K. Hepatitis B Virus Genetic Diversity and Surface Antigen Mutations Among Voluntary Blood Donors in Kenya 2018 https:\/\/ir.jkuat.ac.ke\/handle\/123456789\/4564 PhD thesis."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","article-title":"Insight into Hazard and Control of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections in Egypt: ANarrative Review","author":"Ahmed H. A. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transfusion and Apheresis Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-68715-0_17","volume-title":"History of Blood Donation and Transfusion Medicine","author":"Kvr\u017ei\u0107 Z.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11070726"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.5348\/100075Z02KM2022RA","article-title":"Challenges Facing Blood Transfusion Services at a Regional Blood Transfusion Center in Western Kenya","volume":"12","author":"Kavulavu B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Blood Transfusion and Immunohematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_2","unstructured":"MunyaoG. M. A Blood Bank Information System for the Ministry of Health of Kenya 2021 https:\/\/su-plus.strathmore.edu\/handle\/11071\/12853."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09936-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.25978"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v26i2.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/aid.2022.123033"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.15406\/htij.2023.11.00302","article-title":"Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B, C, and Syphilis Among Healthy Donors Attending Blood Bank Unit at Kosti Teaching Hospital, White Nile State, August-October 2022","volume":"11","author":"Elamin E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hematology & Transfusion International"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/sokjmls.v9i2.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improving Blood Transfusion Safety: A Survey on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Health Professionals in Blood Transfusion at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center, Burkina Faso","volume":"4","author":"Kafando E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematology & Transfusion International"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_2","volume-title":"Optimizing Blood Transfusion Practices in ICU and Perioperative Settings: Evidence-Based Approaches and Considerations","author":"Karunarathna I.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630019582"}],"container-title":["Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ghe3\/6646626","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ghe3\/6646626","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ghe3\/6646626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:10:25Z","timestamp":1779167425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ghe3\/6646626"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Wesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ghe3\/6646626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ghe3\/6646626","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-4200","2054-4200"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-4200","type":"print"},{"value":"2054-4200","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"6646626"}}