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However, the role of PTM\u2010related programs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Single\u2010cell RNA sequencing (scRNA\u2010seq) data were analyzed to quantify the activity of PTM\u2010related gene set using the AUCell algorithm and to characterize intercellular communication using CellChat. Molecular subtypes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using ConsensusClusterPlus and limma packages, respectively, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression with 10\u2010fold cross\u2010validation, and stepwise multivariable Cox regression based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) were used to construct a prognostic model. Immune infiltration was evaluated using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, MCP\u2010counter, and TIMER algorithms, and drug sensitivity was predicted using oncoPredict package. The IMvigor210 cohort was used for exploratory assessment of immunotherapy response. Quantitative real\u2010time reverse transcription PCR (qRT\u2010PCR) was used to measure the expressions of the model genes. CCK\u20108, wound\u2010healing, and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effects of\n                      <jats:italic>CDKN3<\/jats:italic>\n                      knockdown on LUAD cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Comparison between two PTM groups revealed that receptor ligands such as MIF\u2010(CD74+CXCR4) and MIF\u2010(CD74+CD44) had higher communication probabilities in the high\u2013PTM\u2010score group. Two molecular subtypes were identified, and a six\u2010gene risk model for LUAD was established based on\n                      <jats:italic>CDKN3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>PKP2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ADM<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>MS4A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>FAM83A<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>DKK1<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The high\u2010risk group showed a lower immune score, and drugs such as Docetaxel_1007 may have therapeutic potential for LUAD. Immunotherapy response prediction further demonstrated that the low\u2010risk group may be more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that\n                      <jats:italic>CDKN3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>PKP2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ADM<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>FAM83A<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>DKK1<\/jats:italic>\n                      were upregulated, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>MS4A1<\/jats:italic>\n                      was downregulated in A549 cells compared with BEAS\u20102B cells. Additionally, knockdown of\n                      <jats:italic>CDKN3<\/jats:italic>\n                      significantly suppressed the viability, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PTM\u2010related six\u2010gene model showed potential for prognostic stratification and characterization of immune\u2010related features in LUAD. However, further prospective and experimental validation is required before direct clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/humu\/3201577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:25:32Z","timestamp":1787559932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>CDKN3<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>PKP2<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>ADM<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>MS4A1<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>FAM83A<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>DKK1<\/i>\n                    Define a Posttranslational Modification (PTM)\u2013Associated Prognostic Model for Lung 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