{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:50:34Z","timestamp":1791287434901,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017534","name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024MYYLXK006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024MYYLXK006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017534","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Analytical Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Fennel (\n Foeniculum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n Mill.) is widely used as a functional food and plays an important role in traditional medicine worldwide. However, a systematic analysis of its chemical components remains limited.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to comprehensively identify and analyze the chemical composition of both polar and nonpolar fractions of fennel, specifically its aqueous extracts and volatile oils.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Polar metabolites, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins, were profiled using ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole\u2010Orbitrap high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2010Q\u2010Exactive\u2010plus\u2010Orbitrap\u2010MS), while gas chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS\/MS) was employed for the analysis of volatile constituents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 87 compounds were identified in the fennel aqueous extract, including 10 flavonoids, 11 phenolic acids, 3 coumarins, 1 stilbene, 14 alkaloids, 13 organic acids, 7 fatty acids, 10 amino acids, 6 nucleosides, 2 glycosides, 3 terpenoids, and 6 other components (containing 1 sugar alcohol). In addition, 13 compounds were identified in the fennel volatile oil using n\u2010hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents, comprising 11 monoterpenes and 2 phenylpropanoids.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These findings expand our understanding of the chemical composition of fennel and provide a foundation for elucidating its pharmacodynamic properties.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ianc\/1248684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:51:53Z","timestamp":1791283913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Analysis of Fennel (\n Foeniculum vulgare<\/i>\n Mill.) Chemical Composition by UPLC\u2010Q\u2010Exactive\u2010Plus\u2010Orbitrap\u2010MS and GC\u2010MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2142-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nier","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mongolian Medicine Inner Mongolian Medical University 010110 Hohhot China immu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9977-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junni","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mongolian Medicine Inner Mongolian Medical University 010110 Hohhot China immu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XinXin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mongolian Medicine Inner Mongolian Medical University 010110 Hohhot China immu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6006-9446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chula","family":"Sa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mongolian Medicine Inner Mongolian Medical University 010110 Hohhot China immu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9185-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University Inner Mongolia Medical University 010050 Hohhot China immu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_1_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Seed Biology and Pharmacological Benefits of Fennel, Lavender, Thyme and Echinacea Species","volume":"21","author":"Shahrajabian M. 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