{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:29:00Z","timestamp":1792603740365,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":324,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012836","name":"Pokhara University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10\/079\/080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10\/079\/080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Analytical Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Reliable determination of calcium in pharmaceuticals is crucial for quality control, yet conventional methods often rely on synthetic chelating agents such as EDTA, which raise environmental and safety concerns. Curcumin, the principal polyphenolic compound in\n                      <jats:italic>Curcuma longa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (turmeric), exhibits strong metal\u2010chelating properties through its \u03b2\u2010diketone structure. This study explores the use of curcumin as a natural and sustainable chelating agent for the spectrophotometric determination of calcium in pharmaceutical formulations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Curcumin was extracted from turmeric rhizomes collected from different altitudes in Nepal using ethanol and was allowed to form a stable color complex with various calcium\u2010containing drugs, such as calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, and calcium docusate. The method was optimized by adjusting reagent volume, pH, and buffer volume. Validation was carried out according to ICH guidelines, evaluating linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The environmental impact was assessed using Green Analytical Procedure Index, Analytical Eco\u2010Scale, and AGREES tools. The Click Analytical Chemistry Index was used to analyze overall sustainability, while the Carbon Footprint Reduction Index was applied to evaluate the prime environmental impact of the already developed analytical laboratory procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The highest curcumin yield was from the Kaski region. The optimized method produced a stable yellow\u2010orange complex with maximum absorbance at 430\u2009nm. It demonstrated high precision (%RSD\u2009&lt;\u20092%), accuracy (recovery: 101.63% and 102.01%), and robustness with a stable reaction lasting up to 4\u2009h. The environmental assessment confirmed its sustainability and eco\u2010friendliness, with a very good score reflecting minimal solvent use and no hazardous waste.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study successfully developed a green, cost\u2010effective, and reliable method for calcium analysis in pharmaceutical products using curcumin as a natural reagent. Its simplicity and environmental sustainability make it a promising alternative to conventional techniques for calcium analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ianc\/6832626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T06:20:39Z","timestamp":1763792439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and Validation of a Green Analytical Method for Calcium Determination in Pharmaceuticals Using Curcumin: A Sustainable Approach"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-9196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nim Bahadur","family":"Dangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Program School of Health and Allied Sciences Pokhara University  Pokhara 30 Nepal  pu.edu.np"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0098-6346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hemraj","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Rapti Technical School  Rapti Dang Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3751-3665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipak","family":"Paudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Chemistry Tribhuvan University  Kirtipur Kathmandu Nepal  tribhuvan-university.edu.np"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry Prithvi Narayan Campus Tribhuvan University  Pokhara Nepal  tribhuvan-university.edu.np"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9378-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hari","family":"Prasad Sapkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Shree Medical and Technical College  Bharatpur Nepal  shreemedical.edu.np"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2215083810666230329222554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.108729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Simultaneous Estimation of Calcium Carbonate and Aspirin in Tablet Dosage Form by UV Spectrophotometric Method","volume":"6","author":"Nangare A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01218174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","article-title":"Contributions to Spectrophotometric Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Pharmaceuticals","volume":"54","author":"Rus L. 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