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Although the\nmajority of sexually active adults will be infected with HPV at\nleast once in their lives, it is sexually active women less than\n25 years of age who consistently have the highest rates of\ninfection. Besides youth and gender, common risk factors for HPV\ninfection and clinical sequelae of infection include high number\nof sexual partners and coinfection with <jats:italic>Chlamydia\ntrachomatis<\/jats:italic> or herpes simplex virus. Most HPV infections are\ncleared by the immune system and do not result in clinical\ncomplications. Clinical sequelae in cases of low\u2010risk HPV\ninfection consist of genital warts, and clinical manifestations of\nhigh\u2010risk HPV infection include abnormal Pap test results,\nlow\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high\u2010grade\nsquamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and cervical cancer.\nLSIL, HSIL, and cervical cancer carry significant morbidity and\/or\nmortality; genital warts and abnormal Pap test results are often\nsignificant sources of psychosocial distress. Currently, there are\nneither effective means of preventing HPV transmission nor cures\nfor clinical manifestations: infection can only be prevented via\ncomplete sexual abstinence, while treatment for clinical sequelae\nsuch as genital warts and cytologic abnormalities consists of\nremoving the problematic cells and watching for recurrence; this\nmethod consumes significant health care resources and is costly.\nNew prophylactic HPV vaccines promise to dramatically reduce the\nincidence of HPV infection, genital warts, and cytologic\nabnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/idog\/2006\/40470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,21]],"date-time":"2006-06-21T12:33:36Z","timestamp":1150893216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Epidemiology and Natural History of Human Papillomavirus Infections in the Female Genital Tract"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2006","author":[{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Ault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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