{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:10:17Z","timestamp":1773004217267,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":364,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common cause of glomerulonephritis in children, often complicated by relapses and steroid dependence or resistance. Emerging evidence underscores the interplay between vitamin D metabolism and NS pathophysiology, particularly during relapse episodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pediatric patients aged 2\u201312\u2009years with relapsing idiopathic NS and to evaluate associations with proteinuria severity, relapse frequency, and steroid exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included 100 children diagnosed with idiopathic NS and at least one documented relapse. We enrolled all NS patients with completed follow\u2010up for 1\u2009year. Serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were measured during relapse and six months later. Clinical and biochemical data, including proteinuria, albumin, creatinine, and corticosteroid usage, were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At relapse, 84% of patients were vitamin D deficient, with only 7% reaching sufficiency after 6\u2009months. A significant inverse correlation was observed between 25(OH)D levels and both proteinuria (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.62,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and relapse frequency (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.48,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Corticosteroid dosage was not significantly associated with vitamin D recovery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children with relapsing idiopathic NS and correlates with greater disease activity. Routine monitoring and timely supplementation of vitamin D may be essential components in managing NS flares and preventing long\u2010term complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ije\/5199898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:13:27Z","timestamp":1767183207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency in Relapsing Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Children: Prevalence, Correlates, and Therapeutic Implications"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3593-2579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyedeh Asma","family":"Zamani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0008-2937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8938-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behnaz","family":"Bazargani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8199-4996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Askarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8950-2124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daryoush","family":"Fahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6862-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mastaneh","family":"Moghtaderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3236-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1559"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/compreped.12403"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04433-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.02.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4061-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1630365"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014030278"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86488-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0217-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2020-001230"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2010.13091"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft360"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2511-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3339\/ckd.22.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","article-title":"Vitamin D Status is Insufficient in the Majority of Children at Diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Nielsen C. 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