{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:11:30Z","timestamp":1790856690053,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":273,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025BJPT003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025BJPT003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016966","name":"Bethune Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016966","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to explore the association between long\u2010term use of metformin and muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical function, providing a basis for rational use of glucose\u2010lowering drugs in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes. A total of 290 elderly patients were enrolled. Patients were screened using propensity score matching, resulting in 132 matched individuals, 66 in the metformin group (Group A) and 66 in the nonmetformin group (Group B). Group comparisons assessed the correlation between metformin and muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical function, with further stratification by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Statistical methods included\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tests, nonparametric tests, chi\u2010square tests, and logistic regression analyses. Results obtained are as follows: (1) The difference in the proportion of low grip strength between Groups A and B was statistically significant (48.5% vs. 19.7%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). (2) In HbA1c\u2010stratified analysis, when 7.8%\u2009\u2264\u2009HbA1c\u2009&lt;\u20099.4%, Groups A and B showed statistically significant differences in skeletal muscle mass (17.2\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0 vs. 19.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5\u2009kg,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.049), relative skeletal muscle mass (6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 vs. 7.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.03), proportion of low grip strength (57.1% vs. 13.6%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.013), and proportion of low gait speed (71.4% vs. 40.9%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.039); when HbA1c\u2009\u2265\u20099.4%, significant difference in proportion of low grip strength (41.2% vs. 5.9%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.033) was observed between groups. This study found that long\u2010term metformin use in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes is positively associated with a higher proportion of low grip strength. Particularly in patients with poor glycemic control, metformin constitutes an unfavorable factor for sarcopenia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT07788378\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ije\/6423817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:51:08Z","timestamp":1790855468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metformin in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, and Physical Function: Positive or Negative Correlation?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6846-3149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanli","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2544-9280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jieyuzhen","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5691-1085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengjuan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8682-7812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9025-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuiping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9332-9478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38937"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.123.064071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3428"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.621854"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.s409373"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702211069986"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117382"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/wnr.0000000000001880"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05870-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2024.105587"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18087\/cardio.2025.4.n2836"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166508"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.102998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","first-page":"118","article-title":"Effect of Metformin on Handgrip Strength, Gait Speed, Myostatin Serum Level, and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Among Non-Diabetic Pre-Frail Elderly Patients","volume":"49","author":"Laksmi P. 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