{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:56:35Z","timestamp":1781607395453,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":166,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82370791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019978","name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PW2023A-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PW2023A-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the expression of peripheral helper T (Tph)\u2010cells in the blood and thyroid of Graves\u2019 disease (GD) patients and their correlation with B\u2010cells and clinical indicators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 25 cases of newly diagnosed GD and 25 cases of healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. The frequency and proliferative activity of follicular helper T (Tfh)\u2010cells, Tph cells, and B\u2010cells were detected by flow cytometry. Thyroid tissues of 4 patients with GD and 4 normal thyroid tissues were selected for multiple immunofluorescence staining. The number of Tfh cells and Tph cells in the thyroid tissue was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tph and Tfh cells were significantly increased in the blood and thyroid tissue of GD patients compared with healthy controls. Both cells were positively correlated with the proliferative activity of B\u2010cells. The proportion of Tph cells correlated with serum TT4 (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.501) and TR\u2010Ab (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.472) levels. Tph cell levels were significantly increased in the TR\u2010Ab (high) group compared to the TR\u2010Ab (low) group. Tph is localized in areas beyond lymphoid follicles and may extensively promote B\u2010cells in the inflamed thyroid gland.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates for the first time that Tph cells are significantly expanded in the blood and thyroid of GD patients. Similar to Tfh cells, Tph cells correlated with GD severity and B\u2010cell differentiation. Therefore, it may be a new target for GD immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ije\/8591694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:33:28Z","timestamp":1781606008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Not Only Follicular Helper T\u2010Cells but Also Peripheral Helper T\u2010Cells Expanded Correlate With Disease Severity and B\u2010Cell Differentiation in Graves\u2019 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