{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:09:31Z","timestamp":1773004171961,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":344,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K08798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K08798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Prolactin (PRL) plays a variety of roles to maintain female reproductive functions. In female rats,\n                    <jats:italic>Prl<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was significantly suppressed by OVX. The OVX\u2010induced inhibition of PRL expression was recovered by estradiol (E2) supplementation after OVX. Supplementation of progesterone (P4) and the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) did not prevent the OVX\u2010induced decrease of PRL expression. When E2 was administered to ovary\u2010intact rats,\n                    <jats:italic>Prl<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was significantly increased, but neither P4 nor DHT modulated its expression. In experiments using the PRL\u2010producing GH3 cell line, a higher concentration of E2 significantly increased\n                    <jats:italic>Prl<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression; however, neither P4 nor DHT modulated its expression in these cells. Gene expression of thyrotropin\u2010releasing hormone (TRH), a PRL\u2010releasing factor within the hypothalamus, was unchanged by OVX. Similarly, OVX had no effect on the hypothalamic expression of the gene encoding tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of dopamine that inhibits PRL. In addition, mRNA expression of TRH receptor and dopamine D2 receptor did not change by OVX within the pituitary. Moreover, the expression of follistatin (\n                    <jats:italic>Fst<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mRNA was increased following OVX and decreased with E2 supplementation in the anterior pituitary. However, FST had no effect on TRH\u2010induced PRL synthesis. Our current observations suggest that the OVX\u2010induced reduction of PRL principally depends on the depletion of E2. E2 has a direct effect on PRL\u2010producing lactotrophs and increases PRL levels without affecting hypothalamic PRL\u2010releasing\/inhibiting factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ije\/8883536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T06:36:13Z","timestamp":1765521373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Ovariectomy and Sex Steroids on Prolactin Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Zhuoma","family":"Cairang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7011-8109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Kanasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6716-0614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuvshintugs","family":"Tumurbaatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susdiaman","family":"S. 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