{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T09:55:51Z","timestamp":1781344551303,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":163,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-24-0190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-24-0190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Berries of the\n                    <jats:italic>Vaccinium<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus are valued for their nutritional and bioactive potential; however, differences among species and cultivars remain insufficiently characterized. This study compared the proximate composition, phenolic profiles, fatty acids, mineral content, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of bilberry (\n                    <jats:italic>Vaccinium myrtillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201cNatural\u201d), lingonberry (\n                    <jats:italic>Vaccinium vitis-idaea<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201cLinnea\u201d and \u201cSanna\u201d), and highbush blueberry (\n                    <jats:italic>Vaccinium corymbosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201cSpartan,\u201d \u201cBluecrop,\u201d and \u201cChandler\u201d). Bilberry showed the highest total phenolic content, anthocyanin concentration, antioxidant activity, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and antifungal activity. Lingonberries combined moderate\u2010to\u2010high antioxidant capacity with elevated mineral levels, favorable n6\/n3 ratios, and potent inhibition of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. Blueberries were rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and exhibited distinct phenolic acid profiles. Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between phenolic content and antioxidant activity, as well as antifungal activity. Principal component analysis distinguished bilberry for its phenolic\u2013PUFA dominance, lingonberry for its phenolic\u2013mineral balance, and blueberries for their MUFA\u2010rich profiles. These findings demonstrate that cultivar\u2010specific biochemical traits underpin functional differences, presenting bilberries and lingonberries as promising candidates for sustainable and health\u2010focused foods and blueberries as a potential option enriched in MUFA for targeted health applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijfo\/4181376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T09:07:01Z","timestamp":1781341621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional Composition, Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of Bilberry, Lingonberry, and Blueberry Cultivars"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2289-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Duah","family":"Osei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2529-2877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Amotoe-Bondzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9994-106X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred Elikem Kwami","family":"Afedzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5193-2957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Ivani\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7243-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u013dubo\u0161","family":"Harangozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9484-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falius","family":"\u00c1rvay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"\u010eurk\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6834-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian R.","family":"Encina-Zelada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6852-7659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branislav","family":"G\u00e1lik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslava","family":"Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1136-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Newlove Akowuah","family":"Afoakwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10121343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","first-page":"399","article-title":"Comparative Study of Anthocyanin Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity in Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Fruits","volume":"66","author":"Burdulis D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.116080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108999","article-title":"Proanthocyanidins: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"116","author":"Rauf A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091850"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9966750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.37256\/fse.3220221450","article-title":"Comparison of Health-Relevant Polyphenolic Component Content and Bioavailability of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), Blueberry (Vaccinium Sect. Cyanococcus Rydb.) and Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)","volume":"3","author":"Chen X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Science and Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-017-0640-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13052980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15159\/AR.18.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.12120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1201\/b10787-5","article-title":"Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.)","volume":"20115386","author":"Chu W.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements","author":"Smeriglio A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-408117-8.00004-0","volume-title":"Nutritional Composition of Fruit Cultivars","author":"Zoratti L.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14091110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf405570u"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.06.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081527"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-023-09892-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/jfpp\/2804727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00315-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1965.16.3.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071055","article-title":"Balancing Life-Style and Genomics Research for Disease Prevention","volume":"296","author":"Willett W. C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S106193481709009X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1968.tb00888.x","article-title":"Determination of Total Anthocyanin and Degradation Index for Cranberry Juice","volume":"33","author":"Fuleki T.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/88.5.1269","article-title":"Determination of Total Monomeric Anthocyanin Pigment Content of Fruit Juices, Beverages, Natural Colorants, and Wines by the pH Differential Method: Collaborative Study","volume":"88","author":"Lee J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of AOAC International"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2009.10.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app132111911"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app152011070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14093630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","article-title":"Physicochemical Characterization, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of the Bilberry Ribes magellanicum","author":"Aguilera J. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Science and Technology International"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-016-0052-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031734"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/NFS-07-2014-0063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14674\/1120-1770\/ijfs.v649"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2016.07.034","article-title":"Simultaneous Determination of Flavonols and Phenolic Acids by HPLC-Coul Array in Berries Common in the Nordic Diet","volume":"74","author":"Hajazimi E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lwt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha3926265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11122557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/fns.2020.1110066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101961"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2011.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-40908-0_11","volume-title":"Emerging Solutions in Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security","author":"Cho Y.-E.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed","volume":"193","author":"WHO\/FAO","year":"1995","journal-title":"Codex Standard"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038493.65177.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2020.1731299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01271.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2012.0303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-009-2355-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-658-0_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200765n"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf048615t"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3AY41907J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273170902938969"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijfo\/4181376","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ijfo\/4181376","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijfo\/4181376","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T09:07:05Z","timestamp":1781341625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ijfo\/4181376"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ijfo\/4181376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ijfo\/4181376","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2356-7015","2314-5765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2356-7015","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-5765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4181376"}}