{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:41:40Z","timestamp":1792590100897,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":293,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Artichoke (\n                    <jats:italic>Cynara scolymus L.<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is recognized for its numerous health benefits, attributed mainly to its phenolic compounds, such as cynarin and chlorogenic acid, which have antimicrobial, anti\u2010inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study is aimed at enhancing the value of the nonedible parts of the plant by optimizing a method for extracting chlorogenic acid from artichoke leaves. The extraction process of bioactive compound was optimized using the response surface methodology coupled with a Box\u2013Behnken design. A total of 27 experiments were performed, varying three operating parameters: ethanol concentration (from 20% to 70%), sonication time (30 and 45\u2009min), and solid\/solvent ratio (1\/10 and 1\/100\u2009g\/mL). The yield of chlorogenic acid was quantified by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that the optimized conditions were a solid\/solvent ratio of 1\/10\u2009g\/mL, an ethanol concentration of 56.09%, and a sonication duration of 45\u2009min. The maximum yield of chlorogenic acid was determined to be 14.93%. Under the above\u2010mentioned conditions, the antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using two methods: DPPH and ABTS radical\u2010scavenging activity. The inhibition concentration 50 (IC50) obtained were 0.230\u2009mg\/L for DPPH and 0.237\u2009mg\/L for ABTS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijfo\/4423472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:58:21Z","timestamp":1792587501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound\u2010Assisted Recovery of Chlorogenic Acid From Artichoke (\n                    <i>Cynara scolymus<\/i>\n                    L.) Leaves: Process Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Antioxidant Evaluation of the Optimized Extract"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6616-6650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Latifa","family":"Thabti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for the Pharmaceutical Valorization of Medicinal Plants Faculty of Pharmacy University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia  um.rnu.tn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2352-9842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza Ben","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for the Pharmaceutical Valorization of Medicinal Plants Faculty of Pharmacy University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia  um.rnu.tn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0664-9342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rim","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for the Pharmaceutical Valorization of Medicinal Plants Faculty of Pharmacy University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia  um.rnu.tn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9394-657X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira","family":"Horchani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for the Pharmaceutical Valorization of Medicinal Plants Faculty of Pharmacy University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia  um.rnu.tn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0456-5194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimen","family":"Abbassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for the Pharmaceutical Valorization of Medicinal Plants Faculty of Pharmacy University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia  um.rnu.tn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1852-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amine","family":"Trabelsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for the Pharmaceutical Valorization of Medicinal Plants Faculty of Pharmacy University of Monastir  Monastir Tunisia  um.rnu.tn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-015-9428-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","volume-title":"Guide de Bonnes Pratiques de la Culture D\u2032artichaut Conduite en Mode Raisonn\u00e9e","author":"Abdelfattah S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/pbr.v7i3.7696"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202000073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-018-1250-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","first-page":"348","article-title":"Cynara scolymus L.: A Review Study of Its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties","volume":"8","author":"Miraj S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Der Pharmacia Lettre"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/094471102321621278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-018-0305-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.117714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","volume-title":"Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments","author":"Myers R. 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