{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:44:40Z","timestamp":1790279080126,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":189,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wild edible plants (WEPs) are vital for food security and traditional medicine, particularly in resource\u2010limited areas. Despite their potential, their use is constrained by a lack of scientific evidence. This study assesses the phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity of chosen WEPs from southwestern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Observational and experimental study designs were utilized to identify and select WEPs through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and multicriteria decision analysis. WEP samples were collected, dried, powdered, and extracted separately using methanol, ethanol, and acetone solvents. Physicochemical and qualitative phytochemical screenings were evaluated following standardized procedures. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar disk diffusion and broth dilution methods against\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with concentrations varying from 10 to 100\u2009mg\/mL. Gentamicin served as a positive control, whereas 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) acted as a negative control. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and R software (Version 4.5.2). A three\u2010way ANOVA analyzed the effects of solvent type, bacterial species, and extract concentration; Tukey\u2032s HSD for post hoc was applied for comparisons at\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05 to denote statistically significant differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 22 medicinally important WEPs,\n                      <jats:italic>Mussaenda arcuata<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pteridium aquilinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      were selected for experimentation.\n                      <jats:italic>M. arcuata<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited higher water and ethanol extractive values (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, phenols, terpenoids, quinones, protein, amino acids, and lipids or oils were observed phytochemical compounds, with the exception that\n                      <jats:italic>P. aquilinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      lacked reducing sugars. The acetone extract of\n                      <jats:italic>M. arcuata<\/jats:italic>\n                      demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      at 100\u2009mg\/mL, with a zone of inhibition of 17.2 \u00b1 0.11\u2009mm (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), surpassing the ethanol extract\u2032s 16.2 \u00b1 0.07\u2009mm. Both ethanol and acetone extracts effectively inhibited the growth of\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , establishing a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25\u2009mg\/mL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The extracts of\n                      <jats:italic>M. arcuata<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited a dose\u2010dependent antibacterial activity against both\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteria, with the acetone extract proving more potent than the ethanol extract.\n                      <jats:italic>M. arcuata<\/jats:italic>\n    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