{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T22:39:07Z","timestamp":1776292747407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":103,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This research demonstrates the in vivo immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective activities of the soluble melanins of the\n                    <jats:italic>Randia echinocarpa<\/jats:italic>\n                    fruit (PSM). The splenocyte cellular metabolic activity and lymphocyte T\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and Peyer patches (PPs) were measured in the mice model. The PSM hepatoprotective activity was evaluated in the CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced acute hepatotoxic injury (AHTI) in the rat model. Compared with the controls, the PSM treatment induced higher splenocyte cellular metabolic activity (in vitro, 24.1%\u201357.25%; in vivo, 28.8%\u201347.7%), activation of lymphocytes T\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    in MLN but suppression in PP. Related to in vivo hepatoprotective activity, PSM treatment reduces CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced damage; animals showed lower levels of serum ALT (218.85\u201367.02\u2009U\/L) and ALP (453.37\u2013355.47\u2009U\/L), higher levels of serum GSH (127.96\u2013252.15\u2009ng\/mg of tissue), lower levels of hepatic MDA (10.25\u20137.85\u2009nmol\/mL), and less severe damage in the hepatic histopathology. These results suggest the nutraceutical and therapeutic potential of PSM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijfo\/5888390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T09:21:31Z","timestamp":1744622491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune Response Activation and Hepatoprotective Activity of\n                    <i>Randia echinocarpa<\/i>\n                    Soluble Melanins in Murine Models"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Rosario","family":"Gil-Avil\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7273-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia Paz","family":"D\u00edaz-Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7824-6639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulises","family":"Osuna-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-5859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"L\u00f3pez-Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3369-5200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Delgado-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","first-page":"87","article-title":"Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Investigation of Randia echinocarpa (Rubiaceae)","volume":"62","author":"Bye R.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anales del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda. 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