{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T08:59:11Z","timestamp":1776675551535,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":109,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007421","name":"University of the Philippines","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["232327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a facultative anaerobic Gram\u2010negative bacterium that is not only commensal, inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans and warm\u2010blooded animals, but also a major opportunistic pathogen causing several diseases, mainly foodborne.\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    is also involved in a wide range of niches including plant surfaces and tissues. Some strains of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    produce extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamases (ESBL), which reduces the efficacy of \u03b2\u2010lactam antibiotics which is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, contamination of fresh produce with\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , potentially carrying ESBL, can pose a significant health risk. This study aims to detect ESBL genes in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from raw vegetables, using in\u2010house designed primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 117 fresh produce and environmental samples was obtained from selected urban gardens, along with 348 fresh produce from selected wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines. Using culture in mTEC agar and confirmation by\n                    <jats:italic>uidA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene detection using conventional PCR, a total of 74 samples tested positive for\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These were subjected to phenotypic and molecular detection of ESBL genes, using primer pairs for three ESBL genes\n                    <jats:italic>blaCTX-M<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>blaTEM<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>blaSHV<\/jats:italic>\n                    designed in this study. Overall, the prevalence of ESBL\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in this study was 5.41%. The primers designed successfully amplified the desired amplicon sizes, demonstrating potential utility in PCR\u2010based detection of ESBL genes in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. The results of the research may be used to improve the current detection methods of ESBL\u2010producing bacteria thereby contributing to the current knowledge on antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijfo\/6681719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T08:29:18Z","timestamp":1776673758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Detection of Extended\u2010Spectrum Beta\u2010Lactamase (ESBL) Genes in\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolated From Vegetables and Environmental Samples in Selected Urban Farms and Wet Markets in Metro Manila, Philippines"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Donnabel C.","family":"Sena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma. 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