{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:45:53Z","timestamp":1782477953460,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":176,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Beef is a prominent dietary component in many developing countries, including Ghana, due to its rich protein, energy, and fat contents. However, it has become a significant source of foodborne pathogens, including\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    O157 and\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which can lead to severe gastrointestinal infections. This study investigated food hygiene practices and the microbial safety of beef sold at the Ho Central Market in Ghana. Sixty\u2010three beef handlers and processing facilities in 25 shops were conveniently sampled using a structured questionnaire. Twelve beef samples were also collected in duplicates at 9:00\u2009a.m. and 3:00\u2009p.m. from the market and subjected to microbial analyses using standard procedures (aerobic plate count [NMKL No. 86, 2013], coagulase\u2010positive staphylococci [NMKL No. 66, 5th Ed., 2009], Enterobacteriaceae [NMKL 144, 2005],\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    O157 [NMKL 125, 2005], and\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    [NMKL No. 71, 1999]). The data collected were analyzed using SPSS Version 22. The food hygiene protocol observation study revealed that food safety and hygiene standards were compromised. However, personal hygiene practices like wearing suitable PPE (100%), using standard protocols for handwashing (100%), and removing pieces of jewelry before processing (92%) were observed. For microbial analyses, the results showed that almost all the beef samples were highly contaminated under each indicator, except the sample from shade Vendor 1 at 9:00\u2009a.m., which recorded Enterobacteriaceae (3.18 \u00b1 5.00) and\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2.68 \u00b1 4.04) below Ghana\u2032s Food and Drug Authority thresholds. While almost all the samples (75%) were free from\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    O157, the\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species contaminated about 75% of the samples. However, there are no statistical differences between the samples collected at 9:00\u2009a.m. and those at 3:00\u2009p.m. (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05). The presence of high microbial counts,\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    O157, and\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in beef samples could be attributed to inadequate and substandard infrastructure. Hence, effective food safety measures and regular monitoring are imperative to ensure the safety of beef products and protect public health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijfo\/8395815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T11:49:34Z","timestamp":1782474574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbial Quality, Risk Analysis, and Molecular Detection of\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    O157 and\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    spp. in Fresh Raw Beef Sold in Ho Central Market, Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1997-6658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix Kwashie","family":"Madilo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5445-8568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Letsyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nii Korley","family":"Kortei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6716-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Atter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5274-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Favour","family":"Odukoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-9916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liticia","family":"Effah-Manu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4686-8449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Bassau","family":"Quansah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6763-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Galley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6666683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/IJLP2018.0491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47440\/JAFE.2021.2407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v9i3.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","unstructured":"Standard Operating Procedure for PulseNet: Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.21608\/bvmj.2016.31345","article-title":"Monitoring the Bacterial Contamination During Different Stages of Beef Carcass Preparation at Beni-Suef Abattoir, Egypt","volume":"30","author":"Khalafalla F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Benha Veterinary Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcbee.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1981-6723.27719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.813422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7978182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8931372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","volume-title":"Microbial Quality of Fresh Beef Sold in the Birim North District of the Eastern Region of Ghana","author":"Twum E.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5296\/jbls.v10i1.14022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2017.1395102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2022.7666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","volume-title":"2021 Population and Housing Census: Volta Region Analytical Report","author":"Ghana Statistical Service","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","first-page":"2174","article-title":"Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Stool Samples of Patients with Diarrhea","volume":"6","author":"Goswami N. 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