{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:45:57Z","timestamp":1782470757330,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":176,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005756","name":"Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by immune dysregulation and localized inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Despite advances in therapy, effective treatment remains difficult. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CS\u2010NPs) loaded with quinic acid (QA) and ferulic acid (FA) in an experimental model of UC, focusing on the IL\u201032\/IL\u201033\/IL\u201034 cytokine axis and the NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098 per group). Experimental acute colitis was induced in rats via intrarectal administration of 4% acetic acid (AA). After induction, the animals received CS\u2010NPs loaded with QA and FA for seven consecutive days. IL\u201033, IL\u201034, and NF\u2010\u03baB mRNA expression were measured by real\u2010time PCR. Additionally, tissue IL\u201032 levels were measured using an ELISA kit.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Induction of UC significantly increased IL\u201032 protein levels as well as the expression of IL\u201033, IL\u201034, and NF\u2010\u03baB. Oral administration with mesalazine, FA\/QA\/CS\u2010NPs, QA\/CS\u2010NPs, FA\/CS\u2010NPs, FA\/QA, QA, and FA significantly decreased IL\u201032 protein levels and the expression of IL\u201033, IL\u201034, and NF\u2010\u03baB relative to the model group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FA\/QA\u2010loaded CS\u2010NPs exhibit anti\u2010inflammatory effects in experimental UC, likely through modulation of the IL\u201032\/IL\u201033\/IL\u201034 cytokine axis and NF\u2010\u03baB signaling. These findings suggest that FA\/QA\/CS\u2010NPs may serve as a promising herbal\u2010based therapeutic candidate for the treatment of UC in humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijin\/7179301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:47:57Z","timestamp":1782467277000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quinic and Ferulic Acid\u2013Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Attenuate Experimental Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating the IL\u201032\/IL\u201033\/IL\u201034 Axis and NF\u2010\u03baB 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