{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:51:11Z","timestamp":1788375071406,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than those without the disease. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methodology:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 374 clean\u2010catch midstream urine specimens were screened for uropathogens, and antibiogram analysis was done on\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates by the Kirby\u2013Bauer disc diffusion method, followed by phenotypic confirmation of extended spectrum beta\u2010lactamase (ESBL) production. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were carried out to determine ESBL genotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Result:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Overall, we observed UTIs prevalence of 19.8% and 10.7% in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Females exhibited higher UTI prevalence than males in both groups ([71.8% and 28.2%] vs. [85% and 15%]) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Among women with and without diabetes, the age groups of 55\u201364 and 25\u201334\u2009years showed the highest prevalence of UTIs (25.6% vs. 40%). The most prevalent uropathogen was\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (62.2% vs. 75%); multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR)\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was (61% vs. 33.3%) and ESBL\u2013\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was (34.8% and 20%) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients, respectively. The most common ESBL\u2010mediated gene was\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    CTX\u2010M (64.3%) with multiple ESBL genes in some\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. High\u2010level resistance was observed for ampicillin (91.2%), cefuroxime (96.7%), ciprofloxacin (44.9%), and trimethoprim (59.4%), and low\u2010level resistance was observed for gentamicin (18.7%), ceftriaxone (20.9%), and nitrofurantoin (19.8%). There was no significant difference between antibiotic resistance in diabetic and nondiabetic patients (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We observed\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    CTX\u2010M as the most common ESBL genotype, in combination with other ESBL genes present in some\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. Nitrofurantoin and ceftriaxone antibiotics were efficacious. Appropriate prescription of antibiotic therapy, and the prevention of transmission of resistant genes in the context of public health can be facilitated by routine monitoring of the resistance profiles and ESBL markers in patients with and without diabetes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/3694023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T05:54:16Z","timestamp":1738302856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of the Phenotypic and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance Markers in\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    (\n                    <i>E. coli<\/i>\n                    ) Associated With Diabetes and Nondiabetic Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2306-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Nana","family":"Adjei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Stuart","family":"Mughogho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8164-3080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olu-Taiwo","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Saidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Amegatcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6398-3118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akua Obeng","family":"Forson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihy067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2014.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.94253"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0421"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mrm.0000000000000155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738419866582"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3669-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945012803530206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ijpr\/2020\/v4i230109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7243\/2050-0866-2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5053867"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2018.32855"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2016.86155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14365"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2020.e00680"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2020.e00426"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","volume-title":"Koneman\u2019s Color Atlasand Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology","author":"Konemann E.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","volume-title":"Journal Of Services Marketing, 31th. 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