{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T09:21:05Z","timestamp":1783070465340,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":183,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002873","name":"Chulalongkorn University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RA66\/009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA66\/009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Recently, bacteriophages have risen as a potent therapy for superbug infections. The mammal gut demonstrates an interesting source of virulence bacteriophages. The gut with inflammation is phage\u2010rich; therefore, we primarily aimed to prove the concept that an inflammatory gut is a possible source of effective phages and to evaluate the efficacy of the candidate phage against\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n in vitro and in a mouse model of infected wounds.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The gut microbiome of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis mice, an animal model of inflammation, showed a dominant presence of Podoviruses. CLP bacteriophages (CLP\n \u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n 1\u2013\n \u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n 4), of which the CLP\n \u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n 4 possessed the broadest bactericidal activity (viable bacterial cell reduction in time\u2010kill study) against\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n isolates. The CLP\n \u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n 4 specifically killed the\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n clinical (PACL) strain with two huge burst events. Although the CLP\n \u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n 4 had no effect on ex vivo mouse bone marrow\u2010derived macrophage (BMDM) cytokine gene expression and cytokine production, the CLP\n \u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n 4 attenuated the severity of the\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n \u2013infected wound mouse model after treatment.\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n PACL exhibited significantly pathogenic characteristics in a mouse model, including excessive bacterial loads (in wounds and internal organs, indicating the systemic infection due to localized infected wound with\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n ), increased IL\u20106 cytokine (in serum), upregulated IL\u20106 expression (in wounds), and immune cell infiltration (in wounds), indicating severe inflammation. In the CLP\n \u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n 4 treatment alone, the wound tissues upregulated\n IL-10<\/jats:italic>\n expression and recruited inflammatory cells. Interestingly, the three\u2010day CLP\n \u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n 4 treatment was adequate to eradicate\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n PACL in the wounds and other internal organs. After treatment, the mouse serum cytokine showed a remarkably decreased IL\u20106. Likewise, IL\u20106 downregulation and IL\u201010 upregulation were demonstrated in the treated wounds, suggesting an anti\u2010inflammatory shift. These results demonstrated the effectiveness (bacterial wound and internal organ clearance and cytokine modulation) of the CLP\n \u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n 4 in the\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n \u2013infected wound and systemic infection. Finally, the CLP\n \u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n 4 isolation verified a proof of concept that the irritated gut acts as a source of bacteriophages.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The gut virome was a promising and interesting source of antimicrobial and immunomodulating bacteriophage.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/4451708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T09:06:49Z","timestamp":1783069609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n Virulence Bacteriophage Isolated From Inflammatory Mouse Feces Exhibits Bactericidal Activity in Infected Wounds of a Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2669-8868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uthaibhorn","family":"Singkham-In","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supadtra","family":"Pedcharat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilasinee","family":"Saisorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vorthon","family":"Sawaswong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pornpimol","family":"phuengmaung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asada","family":"Leelahavanichkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SpagnoloA. 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