{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:28:19Z","timestamp":1773008899273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":320,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2025R130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Foodborne diseases (FBDs) pose significant challenges to public health and the food industry worldwide, including Saudi Arabia, where rapid urbanization, changes in dietary habits, and a growing food service sector have increased the risk of contamination. As a result, this study analyzed bacterial contamination in food samples from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and investigated food poisoning outbreaks in the city. A total of 7897 food samples and swabs collected between 2015 and 2018 were analyzed for coliforms,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Clinical data on food poisoning cases and outbreaks were also gathered to assess incidence rates and epidemiological trends. Bacterial identification followed ISO Standards and AOAC Official Methods. The results showed that 7.4% of the samples tested positive for the target pathogens:\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (12.6%),\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (9.8%), and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (3.4%). Females were found to have a slightly higher likelihood of food poisoning compared to males, with the highest incidence observed in the 20\u201349 age group. Common sources of foodborne illness included poultry (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 93 cases), unclassified foods (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 67), meat products (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 45), rice (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 38), vegetables (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 36), and salads (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 30). Food poisoning cases peaked in June, followed by April and August. This study highlights a significant gap in regional data on FBDs and emphasizes the need for improved surveillance and monitoring systems to reduce the incidence of foodborne illness in the region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/4803121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:37:43Z","timestamp":1763375863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of Suspected Food Poisoning Incidents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: An Epidemiological Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Alajlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayidh","family":"Almansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar A.","family":"Alhumaidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Y.","family":"Alwetaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Al-Shehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suliman M.","family":"Alajel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Almusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8888-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najla A.","family":"Albaridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-1683.68786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2231371"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2014.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11101398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-70.2.504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","unstructured":"Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (FERG) WHO Estimates of the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases: Foodborne Diseases Burden Epidemiology Reference Group 2007-2015 2015 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241565165."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization: WHO World Health Statistics 2022 2022 World Health Statistics.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/20-05-2022-world-health-statistics-2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimates: Burden of foodborne illness in the United States. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/food-safety\/php\/data-research\/foodborne-illness-burden\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","unstructured":"Compendium of Microbiological Criteria for Food Food Standards Australia New Zealand. (n.d.)https:\/\/www.foodstandards.gov.au\/publications\/Compendium-of-Microbiological-Criteria-for-Food."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6710a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.38207\/JCMPHR\/2023\/MAR04010518"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.1240-1250"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381602"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001923"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1605(03)00169-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/jfs-10-3-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2021.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2022.2083638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000013142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","unstructured":"Food Standards Australia New Zealand 2024 https:\/\/www.foodstandards.gov.au\/."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijm\/4803121","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ijm\/4803121","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijm\/4803121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:36:39Z","timestamp":1773002199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ijm\/4803121"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Swaran J. 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