{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:10:14Z","timestamp":1774523414086,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Biofilms are surface\u2010attached bacterial communities that contribute significantly to chronic infections. Their altered metabolism promotes antibiotic resistance and makes treatment more difficult. Alternative strategies, such as the use of medicinal plants, are being actively investigated and\n                    <jats:italic>Agrimonia eupatoria<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. is one of them. This study is aimed at evaluating the antibiofilm activity of ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>A. eupatoria<\/jats:italic>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains isolated from human wounds. In addition, the effects of these extracts on bacterial auto\u2010aggregation, surface hydrophobicity, and motility were investigated. The phytochemical analysis included FT\u2010IR spectroscopy and spectrophotometric quantification of the total phenolic compounds. FT\u2010IR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups vibrations (O\u2013H at ~3425\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , C=O at ~1735\u20131685\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and aromatic C=C at ~1618\u20131515\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), whereas phytochemical profiling revealed that the ethyl acetate extract contained the highest phenolic acid content (149.65 \u00b1 0.73\u2009mg\u2009CAE\/g). All tested extracts inhibited initial cell adhesion and biofilm formation, although they were less effective against mature biofilms. Among them, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the strongest antibiofilm activity.\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains S1 and S2 were the most susceptible, with inhibition rates of at least 92% and 85% for the acetone extract, and 78% and 86% for the ethyl acetate extract, respectively. Although auto\u2010aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity remained unaffected, both swimming and swarming motilities were reduced. Finally, fluorescence microscopy confirmed that the inhibitory effect was dose\u2010dependent. These results suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>A. eupatoria<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts represent promising natural antibiofilm agents against clinically relevant human pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/5222416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T10:22:59Z","timestamp":1771582979000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibiofilm Activity of\n                    <i>Agrimonia eupatoria<\/i>\n                    Extracts Against Clinically Relevant Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6860-3015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena 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