{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:21:41Z","timestamp":1787728901413,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":236,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a leading cause of nontraumatic lower limb amputations globally, and antimicrobial resistance increasingly complicates their management. Latin America and the Caribbean face a rapidly growing diabetes burden, yet comprehensive regional data on resistance patterns in DFIs remain fragmented. We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of studies reporting antimicrobial resistance in DFIs from Latin American and Caribbean countries published between January 1980 and December 2025. Seven databases and gray literature sources were searched. Primary outcomes were prevalence of methicillin\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA), extended\u2010spectrum\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2013producing Enterobacterales, carbapenem resistance, and multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) organisms. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis, subgroup analyses, and meta\u2010regression were performed. Thirty\u2010one studies comprising 6207 patients and 9891 isolates were included. Pooled MRSA prevalence was 37.8% (95% CI 31.8%\u201344.1%; 19 studies;\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 94.1%). ESBL rates ranged from 6.4% to 34.2% across studies. Carbapenem resistance pooled prevalence was 11.6% (95% CI 8.6%\u201315.1%; nine studies;\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 69.2%). Pooled MDR prevalence was 52.8% (95% CI 45.1%\u201360.5%; 11 studies;\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 92.8%). Eighteen countries had no eligible studies identified. Antimicrobial resistance in DFIs is highly prevalent across Latin America and the Caribbean, with more than half of patients affected by MDR organisms. ESBL rates vary substantially, and MRSA prevalence exceeds one\u2010third of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. These findings mandate urgent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs, strengthened surveillance systems, and infection control measures tailored to DFI care in the region. PROSPERO Registration: CRD420261327791.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/5244269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:58:56Z","timestamp":1787727536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance in Diabetic Foot Infections in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis (1980\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1655-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danladi C.","family":"Husaini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2445-2792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel H.","family":"Chiroma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0649-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garba M.","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7523-5806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collins E.","family":"Ihebie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5426-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Innocent","family":"Nwachukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7092-9382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chukwuemeka","family":"Nwokocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5806-9858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orish E.","family":"Orisakwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-33134-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101241"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3657"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14864"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00118-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091948"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13102311"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734620976305"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234814"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2026.100696"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/arat\/5552340"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-27302004000300012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1413-86702003000200006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01325-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0146-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081125"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-6991e-20202471"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346211050771"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346211053936"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2025.104570"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734614564053"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/dfa.v6.26431"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2000625X.2017.1367210"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734617705254"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Descriptive, Longitudinal Study Results Applied to Statistical Models to Assess the Impact of Early Microbiological Cultures on the Economic Burden of Treatment for Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers at a Mexican Public Health Facility","volume":"62","author":"Balderas-Pe\u00f1a L. 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