{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:55:46Z","timestamp":1791006946501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":274,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major nosocomial pathogen associated with multidrug resistance and limited treatment options. Carbapenem resistance mediated by carbapenemase genes is an increasing threat, yet molecular epidemiological data from Bangladesh remain scarce.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance and carbapenemase genes, characterize cocarriage of carbapenemase determinants, evaluate phenotypic and molecular detection methods, and identify factors associated with carbapenem\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted from January to December 2023 at a tertiary\u2010care teaching hospital in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Clinical specimens from 335 hospitalized patients were cultured, yielding 48 PCR\u2010confirmed\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using CLSI guidelines. Carbapenemase production was assessed by modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM). Multiplex PCR was used to detect blaNDM, blaVIM, blaKPC, blaOXA\u201048, and blaIMP genes. Selected amplicons underwent Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 48 isolates, 27.1% were resistant to meropenem and 14.6% to colistin. Carbapenemase genes were detected in 20 (41.7%) isolates, with blaNDM being the predominant determinant (22.9%). Three isolates exhibited cocarriage of carbapenemase genes, including blaNDM+blaKPC, blaNDM+blaVIM, and blaNDM+blaOXA\u201048. Phenotypic testing identified carbapenemase activity in 14 isolates, whereas six additional gene\u2010positive isolates were missed by mCIM. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated close relatedness of detected carbapenemase genes to globally circulating variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Carbapenem resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      is substantial in Bangladesh and is driven predominantly by\n                      <jats:italic>blaNDM<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The detection of isolates carrying multiple carbapenemase genes highlights the growing complexity of antimicrobial resistance. Combining molecular and phenotypic approaches can improve surveillance, infection control, and antimicrobial stewardship in resource\u2010limited settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/5679086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:48:41Z","timestamp":1791006521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Cocarriage Carbapenemase Genes in Clinical\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3145-9626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pompy","family":"Dey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Rangamati Medical College  Rangamati Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2150-918X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudip Kumar","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Public Health Rangamati Medical College  Rangamati Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4101-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayesha Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Institute of Applied Health Sciences (IAHS)  Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2967-3320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Fourkan","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Gopalganj Medical College  Gopalganj Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8840-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swagata","family":"Nandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Chittagong Medical College  Chattogram Bangladesh  cmc.edu.bd"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9835-0992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawon","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Rangamati Medical College  Rangamati Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4268-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puja","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anowara Upazila Health Complex  Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13110975"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S299742"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030221"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11020277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14020141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14121236"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65106-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14030220"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1318585"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00008-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040363"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13111053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjms.v21i1.56341"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2026.105964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","volume-title":"District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Part 2","author":"Cheesbrough M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","volume-title":"CLSI Supplement M100","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07967"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040786"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S298838"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296542"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1239269"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03523-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-024-00191-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8040205"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1304011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S335582"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13020191"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1477836"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlad038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00329-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050548"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11081996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03306-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13050452"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14040387"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070858"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00316-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14060601"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05266-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1137811"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04028-x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijm\/5679086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ijm\/5679086","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijm\/5679086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:48:42Z","timestamp":1791006522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ijm\/5679086"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kathirvel","family":"Maruthai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ijm\/5679086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ijm\/5679086","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-918X","1687-9198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-918X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"5679086"}}