{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:54:37Z","timestamp":1791006877786,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":274,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thoracic and respiratory infections require timely microbiological diagnosis, whereas pathogen distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility may vary substantially across settings and specimen types. Local laboratory\u2010based data can therefore support antimicrobial\u2010resistance surveillance and interpretation of culture results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective laboratory\u2010based study of thoracic and respiratory culture records processed at a private referral microbiology laboratory in Damascus, Syria, from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2025. Culture\u2010positive specimens were categorized as pleural\u2010space, deep pulmonary\/lung surgical, or tracheal\/airway specimens. Pleural\u2010space and deep pulmonary\/lung surgical specimens were combined as the primary analysis group, whereas airway specimens were analyzed separately as an exploratory subgroup. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was interpreted according to CLSI M100, 30th edition (2020), with agent\u2010specific tested denominators and cautious interpretation of estimates based on fewer than 30 isolates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 356 eligible culture records, 136 were positive (38.2%). The mean age was 42.3 \u00b1 21.5\u2009years, and 66.9% were from male patients. Bacterial isolates accounted for 127\/136 (93.4%). The most frequent bacteria were\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (38\/127, 29.9%),\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (30\/127, 23.6%),\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (26\/127, 20.5%), and\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (18\/127, 14.2%). In the primary pleural\/deep group,\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed high in vitro susceptibility to vancomycin (35\/35, 100%) and linezolid (33\/35, 94.3%). Among dominant gram\u2010negative isolates, amikacin and meropenem showed comparatively high activity, whereas several cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole showed lower susceptibility. No colistin\u2010resistant isolate was identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Culture\u2010positive thoracic and respiratory specimens in this Syrian referral laboratory showed a mixed\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and gram\u2010negative microbiological profile. These findings provide local laboratory\u2010based susceptibility signals that support organism\u2010specific AST interpretation and antimicrobial\u2010resistance surveillance, whereas small organism\u2010specific denominators preclude their use as formal empirical\u2010treatment recommendations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/5705248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:29:16Z","timestamp":1791005356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbiological Spectrum and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Culture\u2010Positive Thoracic and Respiratory Specimens in Syria: A Retrospective Laboratory\u2010Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9600-6326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Alaa","family":"Aldakak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Damascus University  Damascus Syria  damascusuniversity.edu.sy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1999-6151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa","family":"Senjab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Damascus University  Damascus Syria  damascusuniversity.edu.sy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0607-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussein","family":"Aljbawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Damascus University  Damascus Syria  damascusuniversity.edu.sy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4707-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Alkhatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Syrian Private University  Damascus Syria  spu.edu.sy"},{"name":"Alkhatib Medical Laboratory  Damascus Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4853-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Alkhatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alkhatib Medical Laboratory  Damascus Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4006-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bassam","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Syrian Private University  Damascus Syria  spu.edu.sy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14090937"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00494755211032844"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-2786"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/5283526"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428574"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.9634"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ram.2026.100712"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.20880"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-04988-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","volume-title":"Analysis and Presentation of Cumulative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Data; 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