{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:53:57Z","timestamp":1791183237747,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":276,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Lipases are industrially important biocatalysts with broad applications in biotechnology and environmental processing. In this study, an extracellular lipase\u2010producing bacterial isolate, SAB2, recovered from soil collected in Rijal Almaa, Saudi Arabia, was identified as\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    using phenotypic, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequence evidence. Lipase production was evaluated by a one\u2010factor\u2010at\u2010a\u2010time (OFAT) approach examining temperature, initial pH, carbon and nitrogen sources, inoculum size, and incubation period. The highest temperature\u2010series production response was 2.660\u2009U\/mL at 20\u00b0C; the highest pH\u2010series response was 2.833\u2009U\/mL at pH\u20093.0, with tar oil as the best\u2010performing tested carbon source, tryptone as the best\u2010performing nitrogen source, a 1\u2009mL inoculum, and 9 days of incubation. Because factor interactions were not assessed, these conditions are interpreted as best\u2010performing OFAT levels rather than a statistically optimized global production condition. The extracellular enzyme was partially purified by 20% ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis, increasing specific activity from 6.88 \u00b1 0.23 to 39.7 \u00b1 0.69\u2009U\/mg, corresponding to 5.77\u2010fold enrichment and 41.34% recovery. SDS\u2010PAGE showed a predominant protein band with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 25\u2009kDa. For the partially purified preparation, the highest relative activity was observed at 25\u00b0C and pH\u20095 under the tested assay conditions; activity remained measurable across the tested ranges, with relatively high activity in the presence of Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and lower activity with Hg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and EDTA. These findings establish\n                    <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    SAB2 as a source of an extracellular lipolytic enzyme with activity under relatively mild assay conditions. However, kinetic parameters, preincubation\u2010based thermal and pH stability, and application\u2010specific performance remain to be established before claims of cold adaptation, acid stability, or industrial suitability can be made.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/8946340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:49:38Z","timestamp":1791182978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Production Optimization, Partial Purification, and Biochemical Characterization of an Extracellular Lipase from\n                    <i>Proteus mirabilis<\/i>\n                    SAB2"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6571-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afra M.","family":"Baghdadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences College of Sciences University of Jeddah  Jeddah Saudi Arabia  uj.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-9750(01)00086-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2005.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.53.1.315"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-004-1568-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016167416712"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-009-0202-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052890"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2020.e00279"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot4056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.2.697-703.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR11.1123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2023.101443"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-04230-x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijm\/8946340","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ijm\/8946340","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijm\/8946340","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:49:39Z","timestamp":1791182979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ijm\/8946340"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dorota","family":"Formanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ijm\/8946340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ijm\/8946340","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-918X","1687-9198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-918X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8946340"}}