{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T09:03:55Z","timestamp":1784711035862,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A bacterial infection during wound healing remains one of the most common complications in wound care. It not only impedes the wound\u2010healing process but can also result in chronic wounds, which contribute to increased morbidity and even mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective wound dressings to reduce wound infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chitosan nanoparticle\u2010loaded recombinant human lactoferrin (CHNP\u2010rhLF) was formulated by the ionotropic gelation method. Physicochemical characterizations of CHNP\u2010rhLF were assessed, including E.E%, L.C%, Yelid%, TEM,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b6<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010potential, and drug release kinetics. To achieve modern wound\u2010dressing properties, cotton gauze samples were impregnated with 5%, 10%, and 15% (w\/v) CHNP\u2010rhLF by dip, dry, and cure methods. The vertical wicking and swelling capacity of CHNP\u2010rhLF\u2010treated cotton gauze were then estimated. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of CHNP\u2010rhLF\u2010treated cotton gauze were also evaluated against methicillin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA) and\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)<\/jats:italic>\n                      using standard methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results demonstrated successful encapsulation of rhLF within the chitosan matrix and subsequent drug release over 120\u2009h. Posttreating cotton gauze with 5%, 10%, and 15% CHNP\u2010rhLF, the vertical wicking and swelling capacities improved. Vertical wicking values of CHNP\u2010rhLF\u2010treated cotton gauze at 10\u2009min were 61 \u00b1 1, 63 \u00b1 1.2, and 66.4 \u00b1 0.8\u2009mm, respectively. Similarly, swelling capacity values reached 264.9% \u00b1 0.9\n                      <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 271% \u00b1 2.5\n                      <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and 285% \u00b1 2\n                      <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. Additionally, CHNP\u2010rhLF\u2010treated cotton gauze exhibited higher antibacterial efficiency against\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      than MRSA in both planktonic and adherent phases, particularly at a concentration of 15%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multifunctional properties of CHNP\u2010rhLF\u2010treated cotton gauze could make it a promising therapeutic approach for wound dressing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/9313676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T08:41:56Z","timestamp":1784709716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cotton Gauze Impregnated With Chitosan Nanoparticle\u2010Loaded Recombinant 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