{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:50:20Z","timestamp":1791287420952,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco is one of the major risk factors for non\u2010communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Indian population. The decreasing trend of tobacco use reflects significant progress in tobacco control, which can be attributed to key policies like price rise, smoke\u2010free areas, ban on advertising and promotion and pictorial warnings on tobacco products. This narrative review was undertaken to assess effectiveness of these four policies in reducing tobacco burden in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles were obtained by searching through all major databases. Peer\u2010reviewed articles published in the last 20 years, reports of the Government of India and nationally representative surveys focusing on at least one intervention were included. Selected publications and reports went through two\u2010stage screening process before inclusion. Findings were grouped according to the four policies under evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Text<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010three articles and reports were selected to derive the results. Inverse association was found between product price and consumption\/affordability. Smoke\u2010free laws in public spaces were associated with reduced second\u2010hand smoke (SHS) exposure at home. Point of sale (POS) advertising remains prominent in India, which is a cause for concern. Awareness about pictorial warnings was significantly high among both consumers and non\u2010consumers who believed they heightened awareness about health hazards and assisted in reducing or quitting use. However, high\u2010dependence users were not influenced by statutory warnings or price increases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To achieve full compliance with COTPA (The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products [Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution] Act), 2003, multisectoral interventions will require partnership of government agencies, civil society organisations and the community. While tobacco products are taxed heavily to make them less affordable and smoke\u2010free legislation have reduced SHS exposure, advertising in all forms should be prohibited and pictorial warnings mandated on cigarette sticks. Implementing tobacco endgame strategies may provide the critical breakthrough.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/1393877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:50:12Z","timestamp":1791283812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bridging the Divide in India\u2019s Tobacco Epidemic: A Review of the Effectiveness of Four Core Policy Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7272-6383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rekha P.","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Yenepoya Dental College Yenepoya (Deemed to be University) University Road, Deralakatte  Mangalore 575018 Karnataka India  yenepoya.edu.in"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2294-9850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. A.","family":"Abdul Salam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry PSM College of Dental Science and Research  Thrissur 680519 Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7210-9490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Alfiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Yenepoya Dental College Yenepoya (Deemed to be University) University Road, Deralakatte  Mangalore 575018 Karnataka India  yenepoya.edu.in"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1305-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanna","family":"Supriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Yenepoya Dental College Yenepoya (Deemed to be University) University Road, Deralakatte  Mangalore 575018 Karnataka India  yenepoya.edu.in"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","unstructured":"Report on Tobacco Control in India 2022 Accessed on 04.11.2025https:\/\/www.rctcpgi.org\/pdf\/report-on-tobacco-control-in-india-202222-april-2024.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","unstructured":"Global Adult Tobacco Survey Second Round India 2016\u20132017 Accessed on 06.11.2025https:\/\/ntcp.mohfw.gov.in\/assets\/document\/surveys-reports-publications\/Global-Adult-Tobacco-Survey-Second-Round-India-2016-2017.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","unstructured":"Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS-4) India 2019 Accessed on 04.11.2025https:\/\/ntcp.mohfw.gov.in\/assets\/document\/surveys-reports-publications\/GYTS%204%20Final%20Report.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","unstructured":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS - 5) 2019\u201321. 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