{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:47:50Z","timestamp":1791884870159,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":285,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Endodontic treatment relies on effective root canal preparation using nickel\u2013titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments; however, dentinal defects may be observed following mechanical canal preparation. A total of 40 extracted human mandibular premolars with single roots and single straight canals were randomly allocated into four groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910), control (unprepared), TruNatomy (TRN), ProTaper Next (PTN), and Dia\u2010X. Root canal was prepared using an ENDO\u2010MATE DT endodontic motor (NSK, Japan), and horizontally sectioned from the apex using a low\u2010speed diamond disc, corresponding to apical, middle, and coronal root thirds, respectively. Dentinal microcracks were evaluated under a stereomicroscope at \u00d720 magnification. Dentinal defects were observed in all instrumented groups, while the unprepared control group showed the lowest incidence, with defects detected at the apical and coronal thirds (10% each). No statistically significant differences were found among the three rotary systems at the apical (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.211), middle (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.069), or coronal (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.600) levels. However, overall comparison showed a statistically significant difference among groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.043), with significant differences between the control group and TRN (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.045), PTN (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.045), and Dia\u2010X (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.010). Dentinal defects were detected at different root levels following preparation with all three rotary systems, with higher overall defect incidence than in the unprepared control group; however, the present methodology does not allow definitive attribution of these defects to instrumentation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/2003578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:15:16Z","timestamp":1791882916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Assessment of Observed Dentinal Defects Following Root Canal Preparation With TruNatomy, ProTaper Next, and Dia\u2010X Nickel\u2013Titanium Rotary Systems: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7168-2430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shakhawan Kadir","family":"Kadir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry Hawler Medical University  Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq  hmu.edu.iq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3013-3248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khanda Ali","family":"Kareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry Hawler Medical University  Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq  hmu.edu.iq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.672887"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-98929-2_9","volume-title":"Dental Caries and Traumatic Injuries in Pediatric Dentistry: Current Concepts in Clinical Practice","author":"Vyas H.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-025-8599-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-83394-6_15","volume-title":"Common Complications in Endodontics: Prevention and Management","author":"Kim H.-C.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/DJIGIMS_35_2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-025-8442-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13737"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract12010012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_248_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12998"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21276\/jamdsr"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","first-page":"1314","article-title":"Comparative Assessment for the Effect of Dia-X Files Versus ProTaper Next on Canal Angulation Changes and Degree of Apical Transportation: An In Vitro Cone-Beam CT Study","volume":"13","author":"Abdelhafeez M. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of International Dental and Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal During Canal Preparation Using TruNatomy, ProTaper Next, and Dia-X File Systems: In Vitro Comparative Study","volume":"10","author":"Kareem K. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/adjalexu.2022.114484.1242"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/endo.endo_165_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/iej.v13i2.16416"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238790"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","first-page":"614","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of Root Dentin Integrity After Root Canal Preparation With Rotary File Systems of Different Ni-Ti Alloys","volume":"9","author":"Algarni A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5577\/intdentres.2018.vol8.no3.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"Cleaning Efficiency of Root Canals Using Different Rotary Instrumentation Systems: A Comparative In Vitro Study","volume":"8","author":"Al-Khafaji H. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/endo.endo_114_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","first-page":"187","article-title":"Biological and Mechanical Principles of Chemomechanical Preparation in Root Canal Therapy: A Review","volume":"14","author":"Dennis D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","volume-title":"Impact of Endodontic Cavity Design on the Biomechanical Response in Mandibular Posterior Teeth","author":"Meyerson D.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3935"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26440\/IHRJ\/0309.12004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8120218"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1676917"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13660"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06253-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/endo.endo_86_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JIOH.JIOH_136_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18621\/eurj.417982"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10047-0094"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/jrdms.5.4.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23341"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2008.01502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2001.00357.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13800"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18410\/jebmh\/2018\/477"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/zjrms.90772"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03406-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720130542"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2026.vol40.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Endodontics Using a New Single-File Rotary System-Part 2","volume":"10","author":"Van der Vyver P. J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Dentistry (African Edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1027-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/joddd.2021.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Effect of Different Torques on Dentinal Crack Formation Following Canal Preparation Using Neoniti Rotary System","volume":"7","author":"Saeidi A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Caspian Journal of Dental Research"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijod\/2003578","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ijod\/2003578","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijod\/2003578","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:15:19Z","timestamp":1791882919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ijod\/2003578"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Wesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ijod\/2003578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ijod\/2003578","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8728","1687-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8728","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2003578"}}