{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:25:18Z","timestamp":1787754318901,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":237,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case\u2013control study aimed to investigate the relationship between the hypoxia\u2010related biomarker hypoxia\u2010inducible factor\u20101\u03b1 (HIF\u20101\u03b1) and the epithelial\u2010mesenchymal transition (EMT)\u2013associated markers E\u2010cadherin (E\u2010CAD) and N\u2010cadherin (N\u2010CAD) in saliva among smokers and nonsmokers with and without periodontitis and to assess their association with clinical periodontal parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A case\u2013control study was conducted, including 88 participants equally allocated into four groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200922 each): healthy nonsmokers, healthy smokers, nonsmokers with periodontitis, and smokers with periodontitis. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected, and periodontal status was assessed using plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Subsequently, samples were analyzed for HIF\u20101a, E\u2010CAD, and N\u2010CAD levels using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses included intergroup comparisons, Spearman\u2019s correlation analysis, diagnostic performance evaluation using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and mixed\u2010effects model analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Salivary E\u2010CAD and N\u2010CAD levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis groups than in the healthy groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009 &lt; 0.05), whereas HIF\u20101\u03b1 showed no significant differences among the study groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009 &gt; 0.05). All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly elevated in participants with periodontitis. ROC analysis demonstrated acceptable discriminatory performance for E\u2010CAD and N\u2010CAD, whereas HIF\u20101\u03b1 showed variable performance. N\u2010CAD yielded the highest discrimination between periodontal health and periodontitis (area under the curve [AUC]\u2009=\u200984.5%), while E\u2010CAD showed the highest discrimination between healthy smokers and nonsmoking participants with periodontitis (AUC\u2009=\u200985.9%). Although salivary E\u2010CAD levels were descriptively lower in smokers with periodontitis than in nonsmokers with periodontitis, this difference was not statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Salivary E\u2010CAD and N\u2010CAD were significantly altered in periodontitis and demonstrated greater potential than HIF\u20101\u03b1 for reflecting periodontal disease status. The absence of significant differences in salivary HIF\u20101\u03b1 levels among the study groups may indicate limited ability to reflect localized periodontal hypoxic changes. HIF\u20101\u03b1 also showed limited and inconsistent associations with EMT\u2010related biomarkers, with a significant positive correlation observed only between HIF\u20101\u03b1 and N\u2010CAD in the periodontitis group. Smoking was associated with alterations in biomarker profiles, particularly E\u2010CAD levels. Overall, salivary EMT\u2013related biomarkers may serve as promising noninvasive indicators of periodontal disease, although further validation is required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/2103392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:25:46Z","timestamp":1787750746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Salivary HIF\u20101\u03b1 Level With Epithelial and Mesenchymal Markers in Smokers and Nonsmokers With Periodontitis: A Case\u2010Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9501-0509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ban Emad","family":"Kareem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3946-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saif Sehaam","family":"Saliem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2197779"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28160"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3758"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2022.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.nrmj\/2026\/10.2.146.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jmp7010011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13086"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20075368"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12449"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00457.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14087"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13722"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13171453"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2014.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060519"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0412"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.10.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0910283"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2079"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805230105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708474105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-018-0015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14258"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13218"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"How to Calculate Sample Size for Observational and Experimental Nursing Research Studies","volume":"10","author":"Sharma S. 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