{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:32:19Z","timestamp":1793809939927,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":177,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020917","name":"Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MBRU-HBMCDM-RG2025-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MBRU-HBMCDM-RG2025-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three\u2010dimensional (3D) tissue\u2013engineered oral mucosa models offer a physiologically relevant platform to study interactions between implant abutment materials and peri\u2010implant soft tissues. While osseointegration is well\u2010characterized, soft tissue sealing, essential for preventing infection and maintaining implant stability, remains thoroughly underexplored. Despite many in vitro studies using these models, a comprehensive evaluation in this field is lacking. This study systematically reviews current evidence to guide future research and improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched (31 March 2026) following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, identifying 1551 records. After removing 623 duplicates, 227 records were screened (204 excluded); 23 full texts were assessed (nine excluded), yielding 14 studies using human 3D oral mucosa models (3D\u2010OMMs) to assess implant abutment interfaces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 14 studies used epithelial\u2010fibroblast cocultures replicating native mucosal architecture. Histological analyses confirmed stratified squamous epithelium formation, with some studies showing epithelial surface maturation via immunohistochemistry. Epithelial interface\u2013associated biological response to different implant surfaces has been assessed using electron microscopy. Surface modifications like anodization, UV treatment, and increased hydrophilicity improved cell adhesion and interface organization. However, permeability and postpull\u2010out metabolic activity assays suggested that barrier function and residual tissue viability were generally similar across materials, although specific surface treatments improved some outcomes. Molecular studies highlighted that peri\u2010implant mucosa interactions with oral biofilms are crucial for maintaining or disrupting tissue homeostasis by modulating immune responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3D\u2010OMMs reliably recapitulate peri\u2010implant tissue responses. Overall, the available in vitro evidence suggests that surface modification and host\u2013microbe interactions may influence mucosal homeostasis and barrier integrity, although findings remain heterogeneous and should be interpreted cautiously.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/5005401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T10:11:32Z","timestamp":1782555092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Implant Abutment\u2013Soft Tissue Attachment Using 3D Tissue\u2010Engineered Oral Mucosa: A Systematic 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