{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:45:00Z","timestamp":1776275100064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":104,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to monitor the effects of subgingival application of\n                      <jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ALV) gel on clinical periodontal parameters, pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, and the biochemical mediator of inflammation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in patients with type II diabetes and chronic periodontitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty participants with stages 2 or 3 (moderate to severe) periodontitis were included, comprising individuals with partially controlled and uncontrolled (HbA1c &gt;7%) type II diabetes as well as nondiabetic subjects, were randomly divided into four groups (20 in each group) by using the sealed opaque envelope method. They received different treatment modalities: root surface debridement (RSD) combined with either ALV gel or chlorhexidine (CHX) gel. Periodontal parameters and blood samples were obtained at baseline and after 3 months to estimate levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), PGE2, interleukin\u20101 beta (IL\u20101\u03b2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), and IL\u20106.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ALV gel demonstrated a significant effect on the improvement of clinical periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level. It also significantly reduced levels of PGE2, fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines after 3 months of therapy in both diabetic and nondiabetic periodontitis patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ALV gel exhibits a similar effect to CHX in reducing and improving clinical periodontal parameters, blood sugar levels, PGE2, and cytokine levels. Therefore, ALV gel can be administered locally as an adjunct to RSD in diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/5544638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T16:47:26Z","timestamp":1776271646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Aloe vera<\/i>\n                    Gel as an Adjunct to Root Surface Debridement in Type II Diabetes With Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7627-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenar A.","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6034-8592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hozan W.","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1017-9049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aveen A.","family":"Jalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3650-3817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faraedon M.","family":"Zardawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-S062","article-title":"Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"33","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1996.tb01417.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2000.2230104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.3.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2009.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Treatment of Periodontitis: The Latest Evidence","volume":"48","author":"Herrera D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"The Microbiome in Periodontal Health and Disease: From the Perspective of Host\u2013Microbial Interactions","volume":"84","author":"Hajishengallis G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Advances in Localized Drug Delivery Systems for Periodontal Therapy","volume":"57","author":"Kumar S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","first-page":"607","article-title":"Herbal Phytochemicals in Periodontal Therapy: A Review","volume":"37","author":"Sharma R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9040325"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","first-page":"1158","article-title":"Aloe vera: A Review of Its Medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Activities","volume":"9","author":"Prasad S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113564"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Role of Aloe vera in Periodontal Therapy: A Review","volume":"14","author":"Katoch K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Current Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-973X.121303"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Management of Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"11","author":"Rao N. 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