{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T17:24:35Z","timestamp":1781457875961,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed the effects of remineralizing agents on microhardness and mineral content of primary enamel following iron drop exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this in vitro study, 36 sound primary anterior teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099) of (I) casein phosphopeptide\u2010amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP\u2010ACP), (II) fluoride varnish, (III) MI varnish, and (IV) control. The microhardness of specimens was initially measured by a Vickers hardness tester. The specimens were immersed in iron drop solution in a shaker incubator at 37\u00b0C for 5\u2009min. They were then rinsed with distilled water, and their microhardness was measured again. The teeth were subsequently split in half. The buccal halves were exposed to the remineralizing agents for 4\u2009h, rinsed with distilled water, and immersed in artificial saliva for 24\u2009h. They were then immersed in a demineralizing solution for 6\u2009h, followed by a remineralizing solution for 18\u2009h at 37\u00b0C for 10 days. The final microhardness was measured again. The buccal and lingual halves underwent energy dispersive X\u2010ray spectroscopy for mineral content analysis. Data were analyzed by one\u2010way ANOVA and Tukey test (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Iron drop exposure significantly decreased, and remineralizing agents significantly increased the microhardness (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009 &lt; 0.001). The three remineralizing agents had no significant difference in enhancement of microhardness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.493). The four groups had significant differences in Ca, F, and Fe contents after the intervention (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009 &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron drop exposure decreased, and remineralizing agents increased the microhardness and mineral content of primary enamel under in vitro conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/6637290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T06:15:17Z","timestamp":1767680117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of Remineralization Treatment on Primary Enamel\u2019s Microhardness and Mineral Composition Post Iron Drop Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5026-1366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneseh Sadat","family":"Tabatabaei Rad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5688-9617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Tavassoli-Hojjati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1293-5587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reyhane Sadat","family":"Hoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4866-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba","family":"Aghaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","first-page":"138","article-title":"The Effect of Silicone Oil and Nano-Hydroxyapatite\/Chitosan Powder on Microhardness and Surface Structure of Primary Teeth Enamel After Iron Drop Consumption","volume":"31","author":"Tabari M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Dental School"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Comparison of the Effect of Three Types of Iron Drops on Surface Roughness of Deciduous Teeth in a Simulated Cariogenic Environment","volume":"31","author":"Eskandarian T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Dental School"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","first-page":"290","article-title":"Effect of Two Kinds of Iron Drops on the Discoloration, Atomic Absorption and Structural Changes of Primary Teeth Enamel","volume":"21","author":"Mehran M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2018-0589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.240473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30699\/jidai.31.3.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","first-page":"1-60","article-title":"Effects of Iron Products on Decay, Tooth Microhardness, and Dental Discoloration: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Asgari I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Pharmacy Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","article-title":"Does Iron Drop Cause Dental Caries in Children?","volume":"9","author":"Karimi M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Health, Oral Disorders & Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-6027.186660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-016-0171-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000261350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.21608\/adjalexu.2019.57568","article-title":"Remineralization Effect of Fluoride Varnish Containing Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate on Caries-Like Lesions in Primary Teeth (In Vitro Study)","volume":"44","author":"Salman N. 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