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Conventional composites are primarily bioinert, offer minimal defense against cariogenic biofilms, and lack the ability to restore mineral loss at the tooth\u2013restoration interface. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have paved the way for the development of antibacterial and bioactive composites that integrate metallic, metal\u2013oxide, polymeric, organic, and ion\u2010releasing nanoparticles (NPs). These innovative systems provide antimicrobial effects through contact or ion\u2010mediated mechanisms, enhance the stability of the hybrid layer, and increasingly demonstrate potential for remineralization through the controlled release of calcium, phosphate, or fluoride ions. This review provides a critical analysis of the current antibacterial bioactive resin\u2013based nanocomposites employed in dentistry, covering the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases with keywords silver (Ag), zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and magnesium oxide NPs (MgO\u2010NPs); quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QA\u2010PEI)\u2013based systems; chitosan\u2010derived NPs; and remineralization\u2010promoting fillers such as bioactive glass (BG) and primarily covering studies published between 2020 and 2026. Key challenges, including NP agglomeration, aesthetic modifications, variable biocompatibility, uncontrolled ion release, and the absence of standardized evaluation protocols, are examined in relation to their impact on predictable remineralization and clinical outcomes. Most current evidence remains preclinical, with limited in situ and early translational validation. This comprehensive narrative review included studies investigating NP\u2010modified dental restorative materials and excluded duplicate records, nondental applications, and studies not relevant to restorative dentistry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/7065782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:56:07Z","timestamp":1790319367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current Developments in Antibacterial Nanoparticle\u2013Based Dental Composite Materials: A Comprehensive Overview"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Athulya","family":"Mullappally","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3657-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishnu","family":"Vijay Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2338-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpitha","family":"G R","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(02)00102-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-024-04151-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_98_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojst.2022.125015"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43851-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12112551"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-18852-7.00010-5","volume-title":"Lightweight Composites","author":"Kumar V. 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