{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:57:08Z","timestamp":1791374228916,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":279,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common noncommunicable disease in children, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The daily use of fluoride toothpaste is the most effective strategy for caries prevention and control. This study aims to determine the oral hygiene practices and use of fluoride toothpaste in children under 3 years old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a questionnaire about oral hygiene habits, this cross\u2010sectional study surveyed 502 parents and caregivers of children under 3 years old during pediatric check\u2010ups at a hospital in Lima, Peru. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data; absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for categorical variables. Quantitative variables were assessed using graphical methods, descriptive statistics, and summarized as medians and interquartile ranges due to their nonnormal distribution. Fisher\u2019s exact test was applied to assess the association between the toothpaste type and the child\u2019s age, with a significance level of 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Some form of oral hygiene was reported in 79.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009399) of children. While 27.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009138) of parents\/caregivers brushed their children\u2019s teeth with toothpaste at least twice daily. Only 19.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200997) of them used a toothpaste with at least 1000\u2009ppm\u2009F on a daily basis. The most commonly used amount of toothpaste was 1\/8 of the brush head (45.5%). The most common sources of recommendation regarding the type of toothpaste were dentists, physicians, and pharmacy staff.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite current global recommendations, only a small proportion of children under 3 years of age used fluoride toothpaste containing at least 1000\u2009ppm, and age\u2010related differences were observed. These findings highlight the need for pediatric dentists to strengthen parental education and to support the training of both dental and nondental health professionals in evidence\u2010based oral hygiene practices in early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/7483990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:40:08Z","timestamp":1791373208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral Hygiene Practices and Fluoride Toothpaste Use in Children Under 3 Years Old in Lima, Peru: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2311-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa J.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia  Lima Peru  upch.edu.pe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josselyn R.","family":"Ramirez-Escapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program Pediatric Dentistry Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia  Lima Peru  upch.edu.pe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4493-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ail\u00edn","family":"Cabrera-Matta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia  Lima Peru  upch.edu.pe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12484"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","volume-title":"Ending Childhood Dental Caries: WHO Implementation Manual","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00337"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.2013.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007868.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00464-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Use of Full Strength Fluoride Toothpaste Among Preschoolers in New Zealand, and Factors Determining Toothpaste Choice","volume":"129","author":"Li J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"The New Zealand medical journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12094"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Tooth Brushing Behaviors and Fluoridated Toothpaste Use Among Children Younger Than 3 Years Old in Chicago","volume":"87","author":"Avenetti D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry for Children (Chicago, Ill.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12716"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01643-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12570"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2013.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","volume-title":"Gu\u00eda de Pr\u00e1ctica Cl\u00ednica Para la Prevenci\u00f3n, Diagn\u00f3stico y Tratamiento de la Caries Dental en Ni\u00f1os y Ni\u00f1as","author":"Ministerio de Salud del Per\u00fa","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1699"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12490"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","volume-title":"Norma T\u00e9cnica de Salud Para el Control del Crecimiento y Desarrollo de la ni\u00f1a y el Ni\u00f1o Menor de Cinco a\u00f1os","author":"Ministerio de Salud del Per\u00fa","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","first-page":"305","article-title":"Caries, Toothbrushing Habits, and Fluoride Intake From Toothpaste by Brazilian Children According to Socioeconomic Status.","volume":"38","author":"Lima C. 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