{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:37:17Z","timestamp":1773005837502,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":96,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background and Aim<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Silver nanoparticles represent a widely utilized nanotechnology product, prized for their versatile properties including electrical and thermal conductivity, and antimicrobial efficacy. This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating silver nanoparticles\u2010delaminated clay nanohybrid (AgNPs\u2010DC) into acrylic resin on its antibacterial and antifungal characteristics, flexural strength, alongside evaluating the toxicity, and biocompatibility of the resultant composite.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Two concentrations of silver nanoparticles were initially integrated into the clay. Subsequently, cold\u2010cure poly\u2010methyl methacrylate (PMMA) was modified with varying percentages (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 1.5\u2009wt%) of AgNPs\u2010DC. Various analytical techniques including X\u2010ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE\u2010SEM), energy\u2010dispersive X\u2010ray (EDX) analysis, flexural strength, and elemental mapping were utilized to verify synthesis and determine physiochemical properties. Cytotoxicity assessments were conducted using mouse fibroblast cell line (L929), while antibacterial activity against standard strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>ATCC 25922<\/jats:italic>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>ATCC 29212<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>ATCC 10239<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were evaluated using the colony count method.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    EDX analysis confirmed the presence of clay and silver nanoparticles in the final acrylic resin. Samples with higher concentrations of silver nanoparticles (10%), AgNPs\u2010DC (1.0% and 1.5%), and synthesized acrylic powder (80\u2009\u00b5g\/mL) exhibited increased cytotoxicity, with diminished cell viability after 5 days of incubation. Moreover, an escalation in AgNPs\u2010DC concentration correlated with a significant reduction in colony counts of\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>and C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    in groups with 5wt% of silver nanoparticles (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u20090.018,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; \u20090.001, and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u20090.004, respectively). Encapsulation of AgNPs\u2010DC within the polymer mitigated its toxicity, while higher concentrations of silver nanoparticles (10%) demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial properties. The mean flexural strength in groups with concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 wt% of AgNPs\u2010DC was significantly higher than in groups with concentrations of 1 and 1.5\u2009wt% of AgNPs\u2010DC. (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; \u20090.05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of PMMA modification with AgNPs\u2010DC nanoparticles to confer satisfactory antibacterial and antifungal characteristics. Nonetheless, the cytotoxicity of the synthesized polymer increased with nanoparticle concentration and duration. Notably, ball milling proved effective in reducing nanoparticle aggregation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/7939455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T16:21:39Z","timestamp":1744042899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Physicochemical Properties, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Flexural Strength of Self\u2010Cured Acrylic Resin With Silver Nanoparticles on Delaminated Clay for Removable Appliances"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7114-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Mahmoudi Anzabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8367-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baharak","family":"Divband","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3050-9209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa S.","family":"Tukmachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7777-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samin","family":"Vahedifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2718-5995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdiyeh","family":"Esmaeilzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2151-3385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Yeganeh Sefidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0868-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Jahanbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2676-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Rafighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.09.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.53620"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5681\/joddd.2014.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2007.00198.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13191-014-0385-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2009-076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510377794"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2013.859728"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b715532h"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-577X(02)01364-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2011.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2004.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2003.10.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.28762"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.1205"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13404-013-0125-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S59172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2014.55.2.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8155971"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54025-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.08.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra40520f"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","unstructured":"Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Biological evaluation of medical devices (UNI EN ISO 10993:2009) 2009 UNI."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2003.09.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization Dentistry\u2014Base Polymers\u2014Part 2: Orthodontic Base Polymers (ISO 20795-2:2013) 2013 ISO."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720160032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42860-019-0009-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345970760110801"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/wjnse.2016.63011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5681\/joddd.2014.037"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijod\/7939455","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ijod\/7939455","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijod\/7939455","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:18:10Z","timestamp":1772997490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ijod\/7939455"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Murilo Baena","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ijod\/7939455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ijod\/7939455","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8728","1687-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8728","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"7939455"}}