{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T07:03:25Z","timestamp":1785135805733,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":206,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015034","name":"Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate evaluation of alveolar bone density is essential for dental diagnosis and treatment planning. Panoramic radiographs offer relative estimates of bone density. Due to limited data in Iranian populations, this study assessed the radiographic density of normal periapical bone using panoramic imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This descriptive cross\u2010sectional study analyzed digital panoramic radiographs at three anatomical regions\u2014anterior, premolar, and molar\u2014in both jaws. A standardized 1.5\u2009mm\u2009\u00d7\u20091.5\u2009mm region of interest (ROI) was positioned within 2\u2009mm of the apical third of each tooth. Bone density was quantified as gray values (arbitrary units [AU]) using Digora software. Demographic data were collected, and statistical comparisons between groups were performed using independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests and one\u2010way ANOVA at a significance level of\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 458 panoramic radiographs (212 males, 246 females; ages 20\u201350), bone density was significantly higher in males, older individuals (35\u201350), and the mandible compared to the maxilla. Density decreased from anterior to molar regions. The anterior mandible showed the highest values, with notable differences from the anterior maxilla, while premolar and molar regions showed no significant interjaw differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Panoramic radiographs revealed consistent patterns in periapical bone density. Density was higher in males, older adults, and the mandible compared to the maxilla. The anterior mandible showed the highest values overall. In the maxilla, bone density increased from anterior to posterior regions. These findings support baseline assessment and suggest further validation with 3D imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/8200566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T06:40:29Z","timestamp":1785134429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiographic Assessment of Normal Periapical Bone Density: A Descriptive Analysis Based on Digital Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6322-2274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motahare","family":"Baghestani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9759-7070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Zirehpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1298-4847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Azimzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3543-9537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Kazemipoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030453"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-025-07586-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1562340"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06751-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1567047"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-025-01025-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05714-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life15030480"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-023-00392-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/ep.100805"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14131404"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2024.101825"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000893"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2196-1042-14-38"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2011.02347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-024-00434-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis4030033"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/678729"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-03959-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2019-0148"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10090710"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_2","first-page":"1398","article-title":"Assessments of Jaw Bone Density at Implant Sites Using 3D Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","volume":"18","author":"Hao Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20230187"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2010.02061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10061129"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031515"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcae199"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_2","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence for Dentomaxillofacial Radiology: Current Applications and Future Perspectives","volume":"53","author":"Hartoonian N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofacial Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: Chances, Challenges, and Future Directions","volume":"103","author":"Schwendicke F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14040541"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4763961"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijod\/8200566","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ijod\/8200566","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijod\/8200566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T06:40:31Z","timestamp":1785134431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ijod\/8200566"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Wesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ijod\/8200566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ijod\/8200566","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8728","1687-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8728","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8200566"}}