{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T21:01:30Z","timestamp":1785445290420,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":339,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study aimed to assess the effect of temperature of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel on enamel microhardness of permanent teeth.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 36 surgically extracted impacted human third molars. The teeth were mounted in acrylic resin and mesiodistally sectioned into buccal and lingual halves by a high\u2010speed cutting saw. The buccal halves of the teeth were polished with silicone carbide abrasive paper and subjected to pH cycling (8\u2009h of immersion in demineralizing agent and 16\u2009h of immersion in remineralizing agent) for 10 days. Their primary enamel microhardness was subsequently measured by a Vickers microhardness tester. The specimens were then randomly assigned to three groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912) for application of 1.23% APF gel at 4, 25, and 37\u00b0C for 4\u2009min. The specimens were then rinsed and incubated for 24\u2009h. Their secondary enamel microhardness was subsequently measured, and the change in microhardness of the specimens was calculated and analyzed by one\u2010way analysis of variance (ANOVA;\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The mean percentage of change in microhardness was \u22120.73%\u2009\u00b1\u200916.8%, \u22125.28%\u2009\u00b1\u200927.32%, and \u22127.27%\u2009\u00b1\u200932.28% following the application of APF gel at 4, 25, and 37\u00b0C, respectively. The difference among the three groups was not significant regarding the percentage of change in microhardness (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009 &gt; 0.05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Increasing the temperature of 1.23% APF gel from 4 to 25\u00b0C and 37\u00b0C did not cause a significant change in enamel microhardness of permanent teeth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/8227152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T09:49:43Z","timestamp":1733392183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Temperature of 1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride Gel on Enamel Microhardness of Permanent Teeth"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Milani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Shahrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2760-0518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazanin","family":"M-Abdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000107748"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2015.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242010000500003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Fluoride Varnish in the Prevention of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review","volume":"40","author":"Azarpazhooh A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hawaii Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","first-page":"169","article-title":"Effect of Application Time of APF and NaF Gels on Microhardness and Fluoride Uptake of in Vitro Enamel Caries","volume":"15","author":"Delbem A. 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U.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Operative Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345610400060401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","first-page":"72","article-title":"An in Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Fluoride, Tricalcium Phosphate and Grape Seed Extract on Remineralization of Artificial Caries Lesion in Primary Enamel","volume":"46","author":"Desai S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23804\/ejpd.2024.2130"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijod\/8227152","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ijod\/8227152","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijod\/8227152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T20:44:45Z","timestamp":1785444285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ijod\/8227152"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Scribante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ijod\/8227152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ijod\/8227152","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8728","1687-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8728","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8227152"}}