{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T18:45:38Z","timestamp":1776710738198,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":109,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of larger apical shaping and the efficacy of different disinfection protocols on increasing the bacterial reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (E.F.) was cultivated on plate count agar (PCA) and then transferred to test tubes containing brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. Then,\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (P.A.),\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      (C.A.), and\n                      <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (P.M.), were introduced one after the other in a specific timeline. After that, 70 lower incisors were infected by this bacterial suspension. Afterwards, these teeth were randomly divided into seven groups for different chemomechanical preparations: group A1 (25\/3%\u2009+\u2009XP endo finisher [XPF]), A2 (25\/3%\u2009+\u2009diode laser), B1 (30\/3%\u2009+\u2009XPF), B2 (30\/3%\u2009+\u2009diode laser), C1 (30\/5%\u2009+\u2009XPF), C2 (30\/5%\u2009+\u2009diode laser), and D (15\/3%\u2009+\u2009syringe irrigation only). Bacterial counting was done on the PCA plates that showed us all the colonies, so it referred to the total number of microorganisms. The Wilcoxon test and the Bonferroni post hoc test were used to obtain a pairing comparison between the various groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All groups induced a significantly higher bacterial reduction compared to the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference between group A1 and A2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.45), nor between B1 and B2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.22), nor between C1 and C2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.32), nor between B1 and C1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.58), nor between B2 and C2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.74). B1 was significantly more effective than A1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and B2 was significantly more effective than A2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To remove as much bacteria as possible, it is preferred to increase the diameter of the apical part. Even with the usage of a diode laser or XPF, these methods perform better when the apical part is enlarged.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/8479056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:56:47Z","timestamp":1776707807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Apical Shaping Diameter on Bacterial Load Reduction in Multispecies Infected Root Canals"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7110-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelkarim El","family":"Osta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc Krikor","family":"Kaloustian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"May","family":"Mallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roula El","family":"Hachem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Naaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Issam","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Yammout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0857-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Zogheib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)00677-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_2","volume-title":"Cohen\u2019s Pathways of the Pulp","author":"Cohen S.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(98)80170-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_2","first-page":"512","article-title":"Effect of Apical Clearing and Apical Foramen Widening on Apical Ramifications and Bacterial Load in Root Canals: An Ex Vivo Stereomicroscopic Study","volume":"17","author":"Yadav S. S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(74)90374-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.don.0000145422.94578.e6"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(97)80342-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1860"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.2000.18.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_2","first-page":"1482","article-title":"Guidelines for Reporting Laboratory Studies in Endodontology","volume":"54","author":"Nagendrababu V.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13158"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7020047"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(71)90230-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/iej.2017.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2127","article-title":"Transportation and Centering Ability of Kedo-S Pediatric and Mtwo Instruments in Primary Teeth: A CBCT Study","volume":"15","author":"Haridoss S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70174\/iajd.v15i1.959"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2019.44.e7"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.151956"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13050"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_22_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Root Canal Irrigation Solutions: A Review","volume":"10","author":"Mohammadi Z.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Materials and Techniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20415"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200303000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26415275.2023.2281091"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7030064"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_30_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Influence of Taper on Intracanal Bacterial Reduction","volume":"10","author":"Peters M. G.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Dentistry Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350701206626"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2016.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13420"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01761.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12559"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_41_2","first-page":"268","article-title":"Root Canal and Isthmus Disinfection Methods","volume":"54","author":"Villalta-Briones N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2011.01999.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-007-0440-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/187493a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_48_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"808-nm Diode Laser Effects on Canal Walls","volume":"2","author":"Parirokh M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Iran Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_49_2","first-page":"367","article-title":"GaAlAs Laser Decontamination of Root Canals","volume":"23","author":"Benedicenti S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lasers in Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2018-0689"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2386"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13165"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12949"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2018.4558"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_57_2","first-page":"92","article-title":"Minimal Apical Enlargement and Irrigant Penetration","volume":"7","author":"Srikanth P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/eej.2022.93064"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13656"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13710"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijod\/8479056","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ijod\/8479056","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijod\/8479056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:56:50Z","timestamp":1776707810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ijod\/8479056"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Wesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ijod\/8479056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ijod\/8479056","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8728","1687-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8728","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8479056"}}