{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T08:49:26Z","timestamp":1791622166959,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":282,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005788","name":"Medizinische Universit\u00e4t Wien","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Night\u2010shift work may influence attention and emotion processing, potentially affecting clinical assessment. We investigated whether neonatal pain evaluation and associated visual\u2010attentional and pupillary responses differed between rested and post\u2010night\u2010shift assessments in experienced NICU professionals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective within\u2010subject study, 20 NICU professionals evaluated 42 standardized video clips of term neonates exposed to nonnoxious, short noxious, or prolonged noxious stimuli. Participants were assessed after at least 1 day off work and within 2\u2009h after completing one or more consecutive night shifts. Pain ratings, eye\u2010tracking metrics, and pupil diameter were compared between conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall pain ratings did not differ significantly between rested and post\u2010night\u2010shift assessments (3.56 \u00b1 0.69 vs. 3.61 \u00b1 0.72;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.643; Cohen\u2032s\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.11). Pupillary responses also showed no statistically significant differences. Exploratory eye\u2010tracking analyses suggested reduced visual exploration after night\u2010shift exposure, including fewer visits across several areas of interest and shorter fixation duration on the infant\u2032s body. These secondary analyses were unadjusted for multiple comparisons and should therefore be considered hypothesis\u2010generating.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No statistically significant differences in neonatal pain ratings or pupillary responses were detected following routine night\u2010shift work, whereas exploratory eye\u2010tracking measures suggested differences in visual\u2010attentional patterns. Given the small, selected sample and exploratory design, these findings do not establish equivalent or preserved performance between conditions. Larger prospective studies incorporating objective sleep measures and clinically relevant outcomes are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijpe\/5596831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T08:25:08Z","timestamp":1791620708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neonatal Pain Assessment After Night Shifts in NICU Professionals: A Within\u2010Subject Exploratory Eye\u2010Tracking Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0254-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Deindl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine University Children\u2032s Hospital University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany  uke.de"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Hospital of L\u00fcneburg  L\u00fcneburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Luister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine University Children\u2032s Hospital University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany  uke.de"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany  uni-bonn.de"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3737-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eik","family":"Vettorazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany  uke.de"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2079-0404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Mader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria  meduniwien.ac.at"},{"name":"Center for Health and Bioresources Austrian Institute of Technology  Vienna Austria  ait.ac.at"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3191-9368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Pointner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria  meduniwien.ac.at"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7961-327X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Steinbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria  meduniwien.ac.at"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3200-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Alexopolus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria  meduniwien.ac.at"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0982-2310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria  meduniwien.ac.at"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8775-2405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria  meduniwien.ac.at"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine University Children\u2032s Hospital University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany  uke.de"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2094-8523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria  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