{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:27:32Z","timestamp":1788305252003,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":212,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Vascular Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This review assessed the burden of catheter\u2010related infections (CRI), existing gaps in catheter care, and prevention recommendations for catheter\u2010related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). The review further discusses how the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) influenced CRBSI rates and prevention strategies in the post\u2010COVID\u201019 era.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A targeted literature search was conducted of Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and EBM Reviews. Where applicable, supplemental hand searches were performed to identify evidence for gaps in the targeted search results. The authors reviewed each study and selected those for inclusion based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) criteria. Relevant studies were assessed for inclusion in the present review.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Both \u201cactive\u201d methods (scrubbing, flushing, and locking) and \u201cpassive\u201d methods (disinfection caps) have consistently been shown to reduce CRBSI risk when assessed individually. These practices have markedly improved CRBSI rates over the past two decades, although there are ongoing gaps in catheter care and adherence to best practices. COVID\u201019 reversed the trend towards improving CRBSI rates, and persistent challenges for nurse staffing and training have resulted in a failure to return to pre\u2010COVID\u201019 CRBSI rates in the current post\u2010COVID\u201019 era. These challenges are further compounded by limited rigorous comparative evidence assessing the relative efficacy of individual CRBSI prevention methods.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Improving adherence to hub disinfection, along with catheter care and maintenance protocols, is essential for the prevention of CRIs. Further, innovative approaches for simplifying protocols and \u201cforcing function\u201d may increase compliance with CRBSI prevention strategies. In our practice, we routinely use disinfection caps in addition to standard scrubbing and flushing, alongside increased training and monitoring procedures. Additional studies are needed to assess which individual or combination prevention strategies are most efficacious and feasible in the post\u2010COVID\u201019 era.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijvm\/1427129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T09:37:17Z","timestamp":1754041037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevention of Catheter\u2010Related Infections and Complications: A Narrative Literature Review of Vascular Care and Maintenance"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7857-1992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan T.","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2021.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/796762"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757177416657164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention Updated Guideline for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections 2017 Accessed: 11\/16\/2022. 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