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Increasing evidence indicates that oral microbiota, particularly\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), plays a significant role in OSCC development and progression. While\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    is normally a commensal organism in the human microbiome, it can become pathogenic under certain conditions. The carcinogenic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    contributes to oral cancer by acting both as a co\u2010factor and a direct pathogen. This involves complex interactions with the host immune system and the expression of multiple virulence factors. The dynamic relationship between\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its host influences disease outcomes and cancer progression. This review focuses on key virulence mechanisms of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , including adhesion to host cells, secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, production of carcinogenic metabolites, induction of chronic inflammation, and release of candidalysin, a cytolytic peptide toxin. Understanding these factors is essential to clarify how\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    promotes OSCC initiation and progression. Improved knowledge of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    virulence may lead to targeted therapies, preventive strategies, and novel biomarkers for early detection, ultimately enhancing treatment outcomes and prognosis for patients with oral cavity cancers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ipid\/4057977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T07:59:37Z","timestamp":1763711977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating the Role of\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                    as a Potential Oral Carcinogen"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6056-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Amirinia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1066-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan","family":"Motamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4504-3720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pegah","family":"Ardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8795-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Jabrodini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-11940-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17071199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01835-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2023.102402"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1360340"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1767159"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.960638"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.988734"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081549"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15092442"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112898"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13020448"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2025.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.11441"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14700"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-10828-0_40"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpt.2025.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11040260"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2023.102451"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03144-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology29040051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020318"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7060476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003478638-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170098"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","unstructured":"Ak\u00e7amB. 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