{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T07:53:23Z","timestamp":1781682803359,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":167,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016237","name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016237","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Schistosomiasis remains a significant public health burden in many developing countries. Plant\u2010based molluscicides have gained considerable attention as alternatives for snail control, owing to their relatively lower toxicity and favorable environmental profile. However, prior to large\u2010scale application, plant\u2010based molluscicides require rigorous small\u2010scale field trials and comprehensive toxicity assessments under natural conditions to confirm their efficacy and evaluate their potential impact on nontarget organisms, particularly fish. This study evaluated the molluscicidal activity of 70% ethanol and chloroform fractions of\n                    <jats:italic>Hagenia abyssinica<\/jats:italic>\n                    flowers against\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and assessed the acute toxicity of the 70% ethanol extract on Nile tilapia (\n                    <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) through a small\u2010scale trial. Female flowers of\n                    <jats:italic>H. abyssinica<\/jats:italic>\n                    were collected in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Adult\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    species were exposed to 70% ethanol and chloroform fractions of\n                    <jats:italic>H. abyssinica<\/jats:italic>\n                    for 24, 48, and 72\u2009h. Fish toxicity was assessed following the Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development guidelines at the National Fish and Other Aquatic Lives Research Center in Sebeta. Lethal concentration values (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    and LC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were calculated from mortality data using probit regression analysis in IBM SPSS software. In fish toxicity assessments, the LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    and LC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    for the 70% ethanol extract were 38.71 and 57.14\u2009mg\/L, respectively. Fish fingerlings showed no significant difference in survival at concentrations up to 16\u2009mg\/L, establishing this level as the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC). The study found that both the 70% ethanol extract and chloroform fraction of\n                    <jats:italic>H. abyssinica<\/jats:italic>\n                    flowers displayed significant molluscicidal activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, with LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 78.77 and 36.49\u2009mg\/L, respectively, after 24\u2009h. The LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of the 70% ethanol extract for molluscicidal activity was about twice that needed for fish, showing that fish were more sensitive than\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    snails. This differential toxicity raises important ecological concerns.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/japr\/1322550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T07:09:20Z","timestamp":1781680160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Small\u2010Scale Field Trials to Assess the Molluscicidal Activity of\n                    <i>Hagenia abyssinica<\/i>\n                    Against\n                    <i>Biomphalaria<\/i>\n                    Snail Species"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5117-9819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirut","family":"Basha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asfaw","family":"Debella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milkyas","family":"Endale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meharu","family":"Mathewos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habtamu","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9541-8976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassen","family":"Mamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","volume-title":"A Global Brief on Vector-Borne Diseases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v21i2.69051"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2008.00575.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70521-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10020042"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(82)90064-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0074-02761995000400022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014000870"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/474360"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-220"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/japr\/7968654"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3797\/scipharm.1109-04"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","article-title":"Kossoff (Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) JF Gmel.) 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