{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:12:58Z","timestamp":1789038778570,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":252,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005851","name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["43014068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43014068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The most prevalent approach during treatment of cystic echinococcosis (CE) relies on surgical cyst removal and long\u2010term chemotherapy with benzimidazoles. However, cyst rupture may lead to anaphylaxis or secondary cysts and adverse effects. This study is aimed at synthesizing and evaluating the potential of clove oil\u2010loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (ClO\u2010SLNs) against\n                    <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    protoscoleces. Clove bud (\n                    <jats:italic>Syzygium aromaticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) oil was purchased and ClO\u2010SLNs were synthesized. Physicochemical characterization of the nanoparticles was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their zeta potential was measured. In addition, encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and drug loading (DL%) were performed. The cytotoxicity of different concentrations of ClO\u2010SLNs was evaluated on HepG2 cell line. Protoscolicidal effects of different concentrations of ClO\u2010SLNs were investigated as well. One\u2010way ANOVA followed by post hoc tests where appropriate was employed to analyze data. Nanoparticles with round smooth margins were characterized by TEM. The size of particles was about 122.3 \u00b1 30.0\u2009nm with a zeta potential of \u22120.9\u2009mV. The EE% and DL were 59.68% and 16.08%, respectively. The cell viability remained high (&gt;\u200980%) across two concentrations, 100\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL and 1\u2009mg\/mL, of ClO\u2010SLNs. Raw clove oil extract exhibited no cytotoxicity at 50\u2009mg\/mL and the cell viability of albendazole was more than 60% at 10\u2009mg\/mL. The mortality rates of protoscoleces exposed to ClO\u2010SLNs were concentration\u2010dependent in all time points with\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    values: 0.013, 0.0074, 0.0064, and 0.0042 for 15, 30, 60, and 120\u2009min. The ClO\u2010SLNs exhibit good biocompatibility across all tested concentrations with highly potent and rapid protoscolicidal activity against\n                    <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    protoscoleces. These findings suggest that ClO\u2010SLNs may represent a potential protoscolicidal candidate for future intraoperative applications. However, further in vivo studies are required before considering clinical evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/japr\/3101296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:53:11Z","timestamp":1789037591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis and Evaluation of Clove Oil\u2010Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on\n                    <i>Echinococcus granulosus<\/i>\n                    Protoscoleces"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Niloufar","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0077-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Hesari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8044-8619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Nemati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2265-7460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Zibaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6621-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Javanmard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Mirabedini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8359-7452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Miahipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2568-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Mirjalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9020036"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-03927-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04056"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu931"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","first-page":"206","article-title":"Comparison of Scolicidal Effects of Amphotricin B, Silver Nanoparticles,_and Foeniculum vulgare Mill on Hydatid Cysts Protoscoleces","volume":"10","author":"Lashkarizadeh M. R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal Of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1998\/78170"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients With Cystic Echinococcosis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2012.50.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1531114"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/semj-144346"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.105112"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17420\/ap6804.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-023-03955-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-021-03000-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115764"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2022.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03607-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-023-01632-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112520"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/ijpa.v14i2.1139"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8050253"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_1030_16","article-title":"Scolicidal Agents for Protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid Cyst: Review of Literature","volume":"22","author":"Sharafi S. 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